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Charles Olson

チャールズ・オルソン

Charles John Olson

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1910-12-27 （Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.）
死没
1970-01-10 （New York City, U.S.） 59歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
居住地歴
Worcester, Massachusetts → Gloucester, Massachusetts → New York City, New York → Washington, D.C. → Key West, Florida → Buffalo, New York

経歴

職業
poet, educator, scholar, essayist, public servant
活動期間
1932年〜1970年
所属
Black Mountain College, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo), University of Connecticut (archives/research collections), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
影響を受けた人物
Herman Melville, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Alfred North Whitehead (philosophical influence)
影響を与えた人物
Robert Creeley, Allen Ginsberg, Denise Levertov, Robert Duncan, Ed Dorn

学歴

Wesleyan University
English / English
学位: B.A.
期間: 1928-1932
卒業年: 1932
国: United States
Graduated Phi Beta Kappa; continued with M.A. and Melville research.
Wesleyan University
English / English
学位: M.A.
期間: 1932-1933
卒業年: 1933
国: United States
Master's thesis on Herman Melville.
Harvard University
American Civilization (doctoral program) / American Studies
期間: 1936-1939
国: United States
Completed coursework but did not finish dissertation; no degree conferred.

受賞歴

Guggenheim Fellowship
対象作品: Call Me Ishmael (research)
主催: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Call Me Ishmael

1947年 literary criticism

A study derived from Olson's M.A. thesis on Herman Melville's Moby-Dick; bridges his scholarly work and poetic interests.

Melville studiesliterary history

Projective Verse

1950年 essay / poetic theory

An essay advocating a poetics based on breath, open construction, and the visual presentation of the poem on the page.

projective versebreath-based metervisual poetics

The Distances

1960年 poetry

A collection showing Olson's development in poetry, containing long poems and fragmentary images.

sense of placehistoricityindividual and community

The Maximus Poems

1953年 epic / long poem

An epic centered on Gloucester, Massachusetts, weaving history, geography, and voice to explore communal ideals; Olson's major poetic project.

topography and placeAmerican historycommunity and self

全著作

  • Call Me Ishmael (1947)
  • Projective Verse (1950)
  • In Cold Hell, in Thicket (1953)
  • The Maximus Poems (multiple volumes, 1953–)
  • The Distances (1960)
  • Human Universe and Other Essays (1965)
  • Selected Writings (1966)

翻案

  • Documentary 'Polis Is This' (dir. Henry Ferrini)

作風・主題

文体
projective verse (breath-based metre)experimental visual-aural poetics emphasizing page layout
頻出モチーフ
Gloucester/Dogtown topographylayers of history and mytharchaeological perspectiveprocess-philosophy influences

健康

  • liver cancer
    1969-1970
    Heavy smoking and drinking contributed; surgery was planned but not carried out; died in 1970.

評価・遺産

Central figure of the Black Mountain poets and a bridge from modernism to postmodernism; his place-based epic work and poetics have had major influence on subsequent generations.

資料所蔵先

  • University of Connecticut Archives and Special Collections (Charles Olson Research Collection)
  • Simon Fraser University Special Collections (Charles Olson records)

大衆文化への影響

  • Henry Ferrini's documentary 'Polis Is This'

引用

  • I describe myself not so much as a poet as an 'archaeologist of morning.'
    出典: Mayan Letters and correspondence / essays

豆知識

  • Reported height approximately 204 cm (6 ft 8 in).
  • Participated in early psilocybin experiments under Timothy Leary in 1961.
  • Known to have used the term 'postmodern' in a 1951 letter to Robert Creeley.