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第1回（1915年） Winner
Charles William Eliot
チャールズ・ウィリアム・エリオット
Charles William Eliot
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1834-03-20 （Boston, Massachusetts, United States）
- 死没
- 1926-08-22 （Northeast Harbor (Mount Desert Island), Maine, United States） 92歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Unitarianism (influential tradition)
- 居住地歴
- Boston (birthplace / early life) → Cambridge, Massachusetts (Harvard University residency/work) → Northeast Harbor, Maine (summer cottage / later life)
経歴
- 職業
- educator, chemistry (early career), professor, university president, educational reformer, administrator
- 活動期間
- 1854年〜1926年
- 所属
- Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Fellow), Rockefeller Foundation (trustee), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (founding trustee)
- 所属団体
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences (member), American Philosophical Society (member), Royal Society of Literature (Fellow), British Academy (Corresponding Fellow)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Ralph Waldo Emerson (ideas on character and self-reliance), German and French research/university systems (model for reform)
- 影響を与えた人物
- Organization and specialization of American higher education (Harvard's elective system and graduate emphasis), Later educational reformers and university administrators
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boston Latin School | — | — | — | 在学期間不詳 | United States |
| Harvard College (Harvard University) | — | — | A.B. | 在学〜1853年卒業 | United States |
Boston Latin School
期間:
在学期間不詳
卒業年:
1849
国:
United States
Graduated from a traditional classical preparatory school
Harvard College (Harvard University)
学位:
A.B.
期間:
在学〜1853年卒業
卒業年:
1853
国:
United States
Later returned to Harvard as a tutor, professor, and eventually president
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1909 | Honorary degrees (multiple institutions) | — | — | Various universities (Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, etc.) | 授与 |
| 1903 | Legion of Honor (Officer) | — | — | Government of France | 受勲（オフィシエ） |
| 1908 | Order of the Crown of Italy (Grand Officer) | — | — | Kingdom of Italy | 受勲 |
| 1909 | Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) | — | — | Government of Japan | 受勲 |
| 1915 | Gold Medal, American Academy of Arts and Letters | — | — | American Academy of Arts and Letters | 受賞（金メダル） |
| 1919 | Order of the Crown of Belgium | — | — | Kingdom of Belgium | 受勲 |
Honorary degrees (multiple institutions)
1909
主催:
Various universities (Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, etc.)
結果:
授与
Legion of Honor (Officer)
1903
主催:
Government of France
結果:
受勲（オフィシエ）
Order of the Crown of Italy (Grand Officer)
1908
主催:
Kingdom of Italy
結果:
受勲
Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)
1909
主催:
Government of Japan
結果:
受勲
Gold Medal, American Academy of Arts and Letters
1915
主催:
American Academy of Arts and Letters
結果:
受賞（金メダル）
Order of the Crown of Belgium
1919
主催:
Kingdom of Belgium
結果:
受勲
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
Educational Reform: Essays and Addresses
1901年 education / essays 250ページA collection of essays and addresses on the aims of education and the organization of university teaching, advocating the elective system and emphasis on research.
educational reformrole of the universityelective systemspecialization and research
The Conflict between Individualism and Collectivism in a Democracy
1910年 political/social essays 200ページEssays on balancing individual liberty and collective interests in a democratic society.
individual vs. societydemocracypublic responsibility
The Training for an Effective Life
1915年 self-improvement / educational thought 180ページDiscusses how practical education leads individuals to useful and effective lives.
practicalityvocational trainingpersonal development
全著作
- Educational Reform: Essays and Addresses (1901)
- The Conflict between Individualism and Collectivism in a Democracy (1910)
- The Training for an Effective Life (1915)
作風・主題
- 文体
- persuasive argumentative prosepragmatic and orderly logical presentationessayistic style with public and moral appeals
- 頻出モチーフ
- link between education and industrydiscovery of a student's natural bentpublic mission of the universityinstitutional reform and modernization
評価・遺産
Charles W. Eliot transformed Harvard into a modern research university and significantly influenced the institutionalization and specialization of American higher education. At the same time, some of his views on women's education, race, and labor were conservative or discriminatory. His administrative leadership and educational ideas left a lasting imprint on 20th-century university governance.
関連学会
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- American Philosophical Society
- Royal Society of Literature
- British Academy (Corresponding Fellow)
資料所蔵先
- Harvard University Library (Papers of Charles W. Eliot)
- Mount Auburn Cemetery (burial site)
大衆文化への影響
- Depicted on a 1940 U.S. postage stamp (Famous Americans series)
- Minor planet (5202) Charleseliot named in his honor
- Name commemorated in Harvard's Eliot House and various schools
引用
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The civilization of a people may be inferred from the variety of its tools.
出典: Inaugural Address (1869) (1869年) -
When a young man discovers his particular taste and capacity, he will gladly set about his work with enthusiasm and, God willing, to usefulness and success.
出典: Inaugural Address (1869) (1869年)
豆知識
- Served as Harvard University president from 1869 to 1909 (40 years), the longest tenure in the university's history.
- Editor of the Harvard Classics (the 'Five Foot Shelf').
- Made several attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard but was unsuccessful.
- Opposed organized sports (notably American football) and sought restrictions during his tenure.
- His son Charles Eliot became a notable landscape architect.
- Expressed reservations about equal education for women, a stance that generated controversy around Radcliffe College.