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第58回（1991年 第7回開催） Winner
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第103回（1991年 第8回開催） Winner
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第137回（1991年 第9回開催） Winner
Christopher Eric Hitchens
クリストファー・エリック・ヒッチェンズ
Kurisutofoa Erikku Hitchenzu
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1949-04-13 （Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom）
- 死没
- 2011-12-15 （Houston, Texas, United States） 62歳
- 国籍
- United Kingdom, United States
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Atheism (Antitheism) / identified Jewish descent
- 居住地歴
- Portsmouth (birth) → London (residence/work) → New York (long-term residence, writing) → Houston (treatment)
経歴
- 職業
- Author, Journalist, Essayist, Columnist, Critic, Visiting professor
- 活動期間
- 1971年〜2011年
- 所属
- New Statesman (contributor/editorial roles), The Nation (contributor), Vanity Fair (contributor), Slate (columnist), The Atlantic (essayist/contributor), Hoover Institution (media fellow), Secular Coalition for America (advisory board)
- 所属団体
- International Socialists (early membership), Labour Party (early membership)
- 影響を受けた人物
- George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, Arthur Koestler, Karl Marx, Martin Amis
- 影響を与えた人物
- Subsequent public intellectuals and polemicists, Secular activists and New Atheism figures
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balliol College, University of Oxford | — | Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) | 第三等学位（third-class degree） | 1967–1970 | United Kingdom |
Balliol College, University of Oxford
Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE)
学位:
第三等学位（third-class degree）
期間:
1967–1970
卒業年:
1970
国:
United Kingdom
Read PPE at Oxford; graduated with a third-class degree.
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction | — | — | Lannan Foundation | 受賞 |
| 2007 | National Magazine Award (Columns and Commentary) | Columns for Vanity Fair | Columns and Commentary | Magazine Publishers of America | 受賞 |
| 2011 | National Magazine Award (Columns about Cancer) | Columns about cancer (Vanity Fair, etc.) | Columns and Commentary | Magazine Publishers of America | 受賞 |
| 2010 | National Book Critics Circle Award (Autobiography) — finalist | Hitch-22 (memoir) | 自伝 | National Book Critics Circle | 最終候補 |
| 2011 | Asteroid named 57901 Hitchens | — | — | Named in honour (reported) | 命名 |
Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction
1991
主催:
Lannan Foundation
結果:
受賞
National Magazine Award (Columns and Commentary)
2007
対象作品:
Columns for Vanity Fair
部門:
Columns and Commentary
主催:
Magazine Publishers of America
結果:
受賞
National Magazine Award (Columns about Cancer)
2011
対象作品:
Columns about cancer (Vanity Fair, etc.)
部門:
Columns and Commentary
主催:
Magazine Publishers of America
結果:
受賞
National Book Critics Circle Award (Autobiography) — finalist
2010
対象作品:
Hitch-22 (memoir)
部門:
自伝
主催:
National Book Critics Circle
結果:
最終候補
Asteroid named 57901 Hitchens
2011
主催:
Named in honour (reported)
結果:
命名
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything
2007年 Polemic / Critique of religion 304ページA polemic arguing that organised religion harms society and that Enlightenment values and reason provide a better ethical foundation; uses historical and cultural examples to critique religion.
Critique of religionEnlightenmentFree thought
翻訳
- Translated into multiple languages (including Japanese)
Hitch-22: A Memoir
2010年 Memoir / Essays 400ページA memoir reflecting on Hitchens's life, political and intellectual evolution, including candid personal recollections and reflections on controversies.
Autobiographical reflectionIntellectual controversiesPolitical evolution
The Trial of Henry Kissinger
2001年 Investigative non-fiction / Biography 448ページExamines Henry Kissinger's foreign policy and raises questions about the ethics and legality of his actions, sharply critical of alleged war crimes and responsibility.
Foreign policy critiqueWar responsibilityPolitical ethics
The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice
1995年 Non-fiction / Critique 240ページA controversial critique examining Mother Teresa's work and highlighting perceived political and religious problems behind charitable activities.
Biographical critiqueReligion and politicsEthical scrutiny
全著作
- Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger
- The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice
- The Trial of Henry Kissinger
- God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything
- Hitch-22: A Memoir
- Mortality
翻案
- Collision (film: related to 'Is Christianity Good for the World?' debates)
- Best of Enemies (posthumous documentary appearances/footage)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Polemical and provocativeWitty rhetoricErudite argumentationClear and sharp rhetoric
- 頻出モチーフ
- Critique of religionDefense of Enlightenment valuesAnti-totalitarianismEthical critique of culture and politics
健康
-
Oesophageal cancer2010–2011Underwent treatment from 2010; illness limited activity and contributed to his death.
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Pneumonia (complication)2011（最終的な死因）Contributed as a complication leading to his death in December 2011.
評価・遺産
Christopher Hitchens was a public intellectual known for his sharp polemics and wide-ranging erudition, becoming a leading critic of religion and defender of Enlightenment values. As a journalist, essayist and polemicist he influenced public debate; his legacy continues via prizes and ongoing discussion of free expression.
関連学会
- National Secular Society (honorary)
- Freedom From Religion Foundation (honorary board)
資料所蔵先
- Vanity Fair contributor archives
- The Nation contributor archives
- The Atlantic contributor archives
大衆文化への影響
- The fan-coined term 'hitch-slap' (a crafted retort to humiliate opponents)
- Frequent appearances in debates and documentaries; became a subject of popular cultural discussion
引用
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What can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence.
出典: Known as 'Hitchens's razor' (2007年) -
My own opinion is enough for me, and I claim the right to have it defended...
出典: Public remark (on political views) (2009年)
豆知識
- One of the prominent figures of New Atheism (one of the 'Four Horsemen')
- Asteroid 57901 Hitchens named in his honour in 2011
- Long-term US resident from the 1980s; became a US citizen in 2007