O. Henry Award
1回登壇
-
第11回（1929年） Winner
Dorothy Parker
ドロシー・パーカー
Dorothy Parker
別名:
Dot / Dottie / Dorothy Rothschild
ペンネーム:
Constant Reader（Pseudonym used for book reviews in The New Yorker）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 女性
- 生誕
- 1893-08-22 （Long Branch, New Jersey, U.S.）
- 死没
- 1967-06-07 （New York City, U.S.） 73歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Jewish (paternal) / Protestant (maternal)
- 居住地歴
- Long Branch, New Jersey (birthplace) → New York City (Upper West Side, Volney Apartments) → Hollywood, California → Bucks County area (near New Hope), Pennsylvania → Baltimore (site of memorial garden)
経歴
- 職業
- Author, Poet, Critic, Screenwriter
- 活動期間
- 1914年〜1967年
- 所属
- Algonquin Round Table (founding member), Hollywood Anti-Nazi League, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee (chaired fundraising arm)
- 所属団体
- Algonquin Round Table, Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
- 影響を受けた人物
- P. G. Wodehouse, O. Henry, Contemporary New York critics/wits (e.g. Robert Benchley)
- 影響を与えた人物
- S. J. Perelman, Later 20th-century satirists and short-story writers
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convent of the Blessed Sacrament (elementary school) | — | — | — | 幼年期 | United States |
| Miss Dana's School (finishing school) | — | — | — | 〜1911年 | United States |
Convent of the Blessed Sacrament (elementary school)
期間:
幼年期
国:
United States
Attended Roman Catholic elementary school in childhood
Miss Dana's School (finishing school)
期間:
〜1911年
卒業年:
1911
国:
United States
Attended until about 1911; sources conflict on whether she formally graduated from high school
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | O. Henry Award | Big Blonde | — | O. Henry Award committee | winner |
| 1938 | Academy Award (Writing/Screenplay) | A Star Is Born | 脚本 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences | nominated |
| 1948 | Academy Award (Writing: Motion Picture Story) | Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman | ストーリー／脚本 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences | nominated |
O. Henry Award
1929
対象作品:
Big Blonde
主催:
O. Henry Award committee
結果:
winner
Academy Award (Writing/Screenplay)
1938
対象作品:
A Star Is Born
部門:
脚本
主催:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
結果:
nominated
Academy Award (Writing: Motion Picture Story)
1948
対象作品:
Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman
部門:
ストーリー／脚本
主催:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
結果:
nominated
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
Enough Rope
1926年 Poetry 120ページDorothy Parker's first volume of poetry, featuring short, acerbic poems and epigrams that established her reputation for wit.
urban lifefailed loveself-mockerysuicidal longing
翻訳
- Multiple Japanese translations exist
Big Blonde
1929年 Short story 30ページA story about a woman's loneliness and the pressures of society; widely praised and winner of the 1929 O. Henry Award.
lonelinesswomen's social rolesself-destruction
A Star Is Born
1937年 Screenplay (film)Screenplay for the 1937 film; Parker and collaborators received an Academy Award nomination for the writing.
fame and declinelove and sacrifice
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] A Star Is Born / William A. Wellman et al. (1937)
全著作
- Enough Rope (1926)
- Sunset Gun (1928)
- Death and Taxes (1931)
- Laments for the Living (1930, short stories)
- After Such Pleasures (1933, short stories)
- Here Lies (1939, collected stories)
- The Portable Dorothy Parker (1944)
- Not So Deep as a Well (1936, poems)
- Complete Poems (1999, collected)
翻案
- A Star Is Born (1937 film, screenplay participation)
- The Fan (1949 film, contributed dialogue)
- Hate Songs by Marcus Paus (2014, settings of Parker's poems)
- Opera 'Men I'm Not Married To' by Lisa DeSpain & Rachel J. Peters (2021)
作品の翻訳
- Multiple Japanese translations of Enough Rope and other works exist
作風・主題
- 文体
- Acerbic, witty short poems and proseSatirical, sharp criticismConversational and soliloquy-style narration
- 頻出モチーフ
- urban ennuifailed romantic relationshipsalcohol and self-destructionself-mockery and darkly comic suicidal longing
健康
-
Depression (including multiple suicide attempts)1920年代〜1950年代以降Affected both creative work and personal life; led to intermittent treatment, hospitalizations, and interruptions in productivity
-
Alcohol dependence (alcohol problems)1930年代〜晩年Contributed to strained relationships and professional difficulties, especially during Hollywood years
評価・遺産
Dorothy Parker is remembered for her acerbic wit and masterful short stories. Through contributions to The New Yorker and the Algonquin Round Table she influenced American literary culture; her legacy endures via her writings, a memorial garden maintained by the NAACP, commemorative honors, and continuing adaptations and references in popular culture.
記念館・博物館
- Dorothy Parker Memorial Garden (NAACP, Baltimore) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. 1988年開館
- Algonquin Hotel (plaque / landmark) Manhattan, New York City, U.S. 1987年開館
関連学会
- New Jersey Hall of Fame
資料所蔵先
- Alan Campbell and Dorothy Parker Collection (University of Michigan)
- Viking Press-related archives and various library collections
大衆文化への影響
- Portrayals on film/stage/TV (e.g. Jennifer Jason Leigh in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle)
- Musical settings and operatic adaptations (Marcus Paus settings, 2021 opera, etc.)
引用
-
Men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses.
出典: Poem 'News Item' (1926年) -
As she suggested for an epitaph, 'Excuse my dust.'
出典: Will / memorial references (1967年)
豆知識
- Bequeathed her estate to Martin Luther King Jr.; upon his death her estate passed to the NAACP.
- Won the 1929 O. Henry Award for 'Big Blonde'.
- Her ashes were unclaimed for years before being placed in an NAACP memorial garden; they were reinterred in New York in 2020.