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Frans de Waal

フランス・デ・ヴァール

Frans de Waal

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1948-10-29 （'s-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant, Netherlands）
死没
2024-03-14 （Stone Mountain, Georgia, U.S.） 75歳
国籍
Dutch, American
言語
Dutch, English
居住地歴
Netherlands (born and educated) → United States (Wisconsin; later Atlanta/Emory University)

経歴

職業
primatologist, ethologist, professor, author, science communicator
活動期間
1975年〜2024年
所属
Emory University (Department of Psychology, C.H. Candler Professor), Yerkes National Primate Research Center (director of Living Links Center), Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Utrecht University (distinguished part-time professor)
所属団体
National Academy of Sciences (Member), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Corresponding Member), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Member), American Philosophical Society (Member), Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities (Foreign Member)
影響を受けた人物
Niko Tinbergen, Jan van Hooff
影響を与えた人物
Jessica Flack (doctoral student), Researchers in comparative cognition and animal behavior

学歴

Radboud University Nijmegen
国: Netherlands
Attended as part of early university studies
University of Groningen
国: Netherlands
Studied at the university (details not specified)
Utrecht University
Biology (ethology)
学位: 博士（理学）
期間: ～1977
卒業年: 1977
国: Netherlands
PhD (dissertation: "Agonistic interactions and relations among Java-monkeys")

受賞歴

Doctor Honoris Causa, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Étienne
2021
主催: Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Étienne
結果: 受賞
PEN / E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award
2020
対象作品: Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us About Ourselves
主催: PEN / E.O. Wilson Foundation
結果: 受賞
Doctor Honoris Causa, Yale University
2018
主催: Yale University
結果: 授与
NAT Award for the Dissemination of Natural Science
2018
主催: Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona
結果: 受賞
Doctor Honoris Causa, Radboud University
2017
主催: Radboud University Nijmegen
結果: 授与
ASP Distinguished Primatologist
2015
主催: American Society of Primatologists
結果: 受賞
Ig Nobel Prize (Anatomy)
2012
主催: Improbable Research
結果: 受賞
Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
2010
主催: Order of the Netherlands Lion
結果: 叙勲
Member of the National Academy of Sciences
2004
主催: National Academy of Sciences
結果: 選出
Los Angeles Times Book Award (for Peacemaking among Primates)
1989
対象作品: Peacemaking among Primates
部門: Science and Technology Book Award
主催: Los Angeles Times
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Chimpanzee Politics

1982年 non-fiction / primatology

An observational account of power, sex, and social strategies among captive chimpanzees; introduced a Machiavellian perspective to primatology and analyzed social strategies among primates.

powersocial strategycompetition and alliances
映像化・舞台化
  • [documentary] Related documentary: The Family of Chimps
翻訳
  • Chimpanzee Politics (various translations exist)

Our Inner Ape

2005年 non-fiction / comparative behavior

Compares chimpanzee and bonobo behavior to explore the origins of human aggression, cooperation, and morality in an accessible science book.

empathyorigins of moralitycomparative species analysis
翻訳
  • Translated into multiple languages

The Bonobo and the Atheist

2013年 non-fiction / ethics

Examines human morality through primatology and argues that moral tendencies can be rooted in natural social instincts rather than solely in religion.

moralityreligion and ethicsevolutionary explanations

Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?

2016年 non-fiction / animal intelligence

Explores animal intelligence and challenges human-centered assumptions about cognition through experiments and case studies.

animal intelligencecognitive sciencecritique of anthropocentrism

Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us About Ourselves

2019年 non-fiction / animal emotions

Uses examples from elephants and great apes to argue for the presence of animal emotions and explores what they reveal about human nature.

emotionanimal welfareempathy

Different: Gender Through the Eyes of a Primatologist

2022年 non-fiction / gender studies

Reexamines sex differences and gender from primatological evidence, blending biology and cultural commentary.

genderbiology and culturebehavioral comparison

全著作

  • Different: Gender Through the Eyes of a Primatologist (2022)
  • Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us About Ourselves (2019)
  • Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? (2016)
  • The Bonobo and the Atheist (2013)
  • The Age of Empathy (2009)
  • Our Inner Ape (2005)
  • Chimpanzee Politics (1982)
  • Peacemaking among Primates (1989)

翻案

  • The Family of Chimps - Dutch documentary based on de Waal's work (details not specified)

作品の翻訳

  • Translations of works such as Mama's Last Hug exist in multiple languages

作風・主題

文体
accessible popular-science essays combined with rigorous observational reportingclear, evidence-based exposition
頻出モチーフ
empathy and cooperationcompetition and reconciliationcontinuity between animals and humansevolutionary origins of morality

健康

  • stomach cancer
    最終期（2024年に死去）
    Died of stomach cancer in March 2024. Reports indicate he continued scholarly activity while facing illness in his final period.

評価・遺産

De Waal popularized primate social behavior and animal emotions, highlighting continuity between humans and other apes and advancing public and academic discussions about empathy and the evolutionary roots of morality. His books and research had major impact on comparative cognition and animal ethics.

関連学会

  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • American Academy of Arts and Sciences
  • American Philosophical Society

資料所蔵先

  • Materials likely archived at Emory University and associated research centers

大衆文化への影響

  • TED talks (e.g. "Moral behavior in animals") and viral video excerpts—especially the capuchin monkey inequity reaction—brought wide public attention.

引用

  • We start out postulating sharp boundaries, such as between humans and apes, or between apes and monkeys, but are in fact dealing with sand castles that lose much of their structure when the sea of knowledge washes over them. They turn into hills, leveled ever more, until we are back to where evolutionary theory always leads us: a gently sloping beach.
    出典: The Age of Empathy (2009年)

豆知識

  • Became a U.S. citizen in 2008.
  • Coined or popularized the term "veneer theory" (2005).
  • A 2012 TED talk excerpt showing capuchin monkeys' inequity reaction went viral online.