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第63回（1998年） Lifetime Achievement Award
Gordon Parks
ゴードン・パークス
Gordon Parks
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1912-11-30 （Fort Scott, Kansas, U.S.）
- 死没
- 2006-03-07 （New York City, U.S.） 93歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 居住地歴
- Fort Scott, Kansas → St. Paul, Minnesota → Chicago, Illinois → Harlem, New York City → Greenburgh, New York
経歴
- 職業
- Photographer, Author, Film director, Composer, Poet, Photojournalist
- 活動期間
- 1930年〜2006年
- 影響を受けた人物
- Roy Stryker, Henry Brant
- 影響を与えた人物
- Spike Lee, Generation of filmmakers and photojournalists (inspired by Parks)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kansas State University (honorary) | — | — | 名誉文学博士 | 1970（名誉学位） | United States |
| Thiel College (honorary) | — | — | 名誉人文学博士 | 1976（名誉学位） | United States |
Kansas State University (honorary)
学位:
名誉文学博士
期間:
1970（名誉学位）
卒業年:
1970
国:
United States
Awarded an honorary degree in 1970
Thiel College (honorary)
学位:
名誉人文学博士
期間:
1976（名誉学位）
卒業年:
1976
国:
United States
Awarded an honorary degree in 1976
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1941 | Rosenwald Fellowship (photography) | — | — | Rosenwald Fund | 受賞 |
| 1960 | Magazine Photographer of the Year | — | — | American Society of Magazine Photographers | 受賞 |
| 1972 | Spingarn Medal | — | — | NAACP | 受賞 |
| 1988 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | United States (National Endowment for the Arts / Presidential award) | 受賞 |
| 2000 | Library of Congress Living Legend | The Learning Tree, among works | — | Library of Congress | 受賞 |
| 1998 | Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Lifetime Achievement | — | — | Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards | 受賞 |
| 2003 | Royal Photographic Society Special 150th Anniversary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) | — | — | Royal Photographic Society | 受賞 |
| 2003 | NAACP Image Award | — | — | NAACP | 受賞 |
Rosenwald Fellowship (photography)
1941
主催:
Rosenwald Fund
結果:
受賞
Magazine Photographer of the Year
1960
主催:
American Society of Magazine Photographers
結果:
受賞
Spingarn Medal
1972
主催:
NAACP
結果:
受賞
National Medal of Arts
1988
主催:
United States (National Endowment for the Arts / Presidential award)
結果:
受賞
Library of Congress Living Legend
2000
対象作品:
The Learning Tree, among works
主催:
Library of Congress
結果:
受賞
Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Lifetime Achievement
1998
主催:
Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards
結果:
受賞
Royal Photographic Society Special 150th Anniversary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS)
2003
主催:
Royal Photographic Society
結果:
受賞
NAACP Image Award
2003
主催:
NAACP
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
American Gothic, Washington, D.C.
1942年 PhotographyAn iconic photograph of Ella Watson, a cleaning woman, standing before an American flag. The image poignantly critiques racism and social inequality in the U.S.
RacismPovertySocial critique
The Learning Tree
1963年 Semi-autobiographical novel / Film 288ページA semi-autobiographical novel based on Parks's youth; later adapted into a film he directed. It is noted as among the first feature films by a Black director financed by a major Hollywood studio.
Coming of ageRace and societyMemory
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] The Learning Tree / Gordon Parks (1969)
Shaft
1971年 Film (action/detective)A 1971 hit film featuring Black private detective John Shaft. The movie was influential in the emergence of the blaxploitation genre and in changing Hollywood perceptions of Black protagonists.
Urban cultureBlack representationAction
全著作
- Flash Photography (1947)
- Camera Portraits: Techniques and Principles of Documentary Portraiture (1948)
- The Learning Tree (1963)
- A Choice of Weapons (1967)
- Born Black (1970)
- Flavio (1978)
- Voices in the Mirror (1990)
- A Hungry Heart (2005)
翻案
- The Learning Tree → 1969 film (dir. Gordon Parks)
- Shaft → 1971 film (dir. Gordon Parks)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Documentary realismLyrical, memoir-like proseVisually rich essays
- 頻出モチーフ
- RacismPoverty and laborEveryday detailsIdentity and dignity
評価・遺産
Gordon Parks is one of the foremost American photographers and filmmakers of the 20th century, known for using his camera as a 'weapon' to expose racism and poverty. As director of works such as The Learning Tree and Shaft, his influence spans photography, film and music; his archives are held by the Library of Congress and numerous museums and universities.
記念館・博物館
- Gordon Parks Foundation (exhibition space) Pleasantville, New York, U.S.
- Gordon Parks Museum/Center Fort Scott, Kansas, U.S.
- Library of Congress (holds Parks archives) Washington, D.C., U.S.
関連学会
- American Society of Magazine Photographers (ASMP)
資料所蔵先
- Library of Congress (personal collection of Parks)
- Gordon Parks Foundation archives
- Kansas State University (Gordon Parks Collection)
- Wichita State University (Ulrich Museum holdings)
大衆文化への影響
- The Sesame Street character Gordon was named after Parks
- One of Parks's photographs was used on the cover of Common's album Like Water for Chocolate
- Parks's iconic photographs are referenced in Kendrick Lamar's ELEMENT. music video
引用
-
I used my camera as a weapon — against poverty, against racism, against all kinds of social injustice.
出典: A Choice of Weapons (memoir) and various interviews (1967年)
豆知識
- As a teenager he worked as a piano player in brothels.
- He was chosen as godfather to Malcolm X's daughter Qubilah Shabazz.
- He made a cameo appearance in the 2000 Shaft film as Mr. P.
- He received more than 20 honorary doctorates in his lifetime.