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第2回（1968年） Winner
Jacques Martin Barzun
ジャック・マルタン・バルザン
Jacques Martin Barzun
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1907-11-30 （Créteil, France）
- 死没
- 2012-10-25 （San Antonio, Texas, U.S.） 104歳
- 国籍
- France, United States
- 言語
- English, French
- 居住地歴
- Paris (childhood) → Grenoble (childhood) → Harrisburg (high school) → New York (Columbia University, residence/work) → San Antonio (later life)
経歴
- 職業
- Historian, Cultural historian, Author, Literary critic, Professor
- 活動期間
- 1928年〜2012年
- 所属
- Columbia University, Churchill College, University of Cambridge (Extraordinary Fellow), Charles Scribner's Sons (Literary Adviser), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Fellow), American Philosophical Society (Member), American Academy of Arts and Letters (Member; recipient of Gold Medal for Criticism)
- 所属団体
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Philosophical Society, American Academy of Arts and Letters
- 影響を受けた人物
- Edward Gibbon, Jacob Burckhardt, Thomas Babington Macaulay, William James (intellectual influence)
- 影響を与えた人物
- Scholars of cultural history, Columbia University students and faculty (successors), Contemporary education theorists and cultural critics
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harrisburg Technical High School | — | — | High School Diploma | 〜1923 | United States |
| Columbia University (Columbia College) | Liberal arts | Humanities | BA | 1923–1927 | United States |
| Columbia University | Graduate School | History | MA | 1927–1928 | United States |
| Columbia University | Graduate School | History | PhD | 1928–1932 | United States |
Harrisburg Technical High School
学位:
High School Diploma
期間:
〜1923
卒業年:
1923
国:
United States
Completed secondary education in the U.S.
Columbia University (Columbia College)
Liberal arts
/ Humanities
学位:
BA
期間:
1923–1927
卒業年:
1927
国:
United States
BA (valedictorian)
Columbia University
Graduate School
/ History
学位:
MA
期間:
1927–1928
卒業年:
1928
国:
United States
Master's degree
Columbia University
Graduate School
/ History
学位:
PhD
期間:
1928–1932
卒業年:
1932
国:
United States
PhD; subsequently taught at Columbia University
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Presidential Medal of Freedom | — | — | Office of the President of the United States | 受賞 |
| 2010 | National Humanities Medal | — | — | Office of the President / National Endowment for the Humanities | 受賞（授与式は2011年） |
| — | Legion of Honour (Chevalier) | — | — | Government of France | 叙勲 |
| 1968 | St. Louis Literary Award | — | — | Saint Louis University Library Associates | 受賞 |
| 1993 | Melville Cane Poetry Award | An Essay on French Verse | — | Poetry Society of America | 受賞 |
| 1972 | Edgar Award (Special Award) | A Catalogue of Crime (co-authored) | — | Mystery Writers of America | 受賞（特別賞） |
| — | Gold Medal for Criticism (American Academy of Arts and Letters) | — | — | American Academy of Arts and Letters | 受賞 |
Presidential Medal of Freedom
2003
主催:
Office of the President of the United States
結果:
受賞
National Humanities Medal
2010
主催:
Office of the President / National Endowment for the Humanities
結果:
受賞（授与式は2011年）
Legion of Honour (Chevalier)
主催:
Government of France
結果:
叙勲
St. Louis Literary Award
1968
主催:
Saint Louis University Library Associates
結果:
受賞
Melville Cane Poetry Award
1993
対象作品:
An Essay on French Verse
主催:
Poetry Society of America
結果:
受賞
Edgar Award (Special Award)
1972
対象作品:
A Catalogue of Crime (co-authored)
主催:
Mystery Writers of America
結果:
受賞（特別賞）
Gold Medal for Criticism (American Academy of Arts and Letters)
主催:
American Academy of Arts and Letters
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
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第12回（1987年） Winner
作品
代表作
From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present
2000年 Cultural history / Broad survey 816ページA sweeping survey of Western cultural life since 1500, addressing developments in thought, art, music, and politics through wide-ranging erudition and distinctive organizational devices.
Transformation of Western cultureModernity and secularizationInteraction of art, music, and thought
翻訳
Teacher in America
1945年 Education / Social critique 224ページA critique of teacher training and the American education system that advocated reforms in pedagogy and teacher preparation; influential in postwar education debates.
Educational reformTeacher trainingEducation and society
The House of Intellect
1959年 Cultural criticism 192ページA critique of intellectual life and the cultural establishment, discussing the dangers of overspecialization and defending the value of a liberal education.
Critique of specializationDefense of liberal educationCultural criticism
Berlioz and the Romantic Century
1950年 Musicology / Biography 800ページA study centered on composer Hector Berlioz that examines Romantic music and its cultural context; Barzun is regarded as a leading authority on Berlioz.
Romantic musicComposer biography19th-century culture
全著作
- Samplings and Chronicles (editor), 1927
- The French Race, 1932
- Race: A Study in Modern Superstition, 1937 (rev. 1965)
- Teacher in America, 1945
- Berlioz and the Romantic Century, 1950
- The House of Intellect, 1959
- The Modern Researcher (co-author/revised editions), various editions
- From Dawn to Decadence, 2000
作風・主題
- 文体
- Erudite, essayistic proseClear, learned argumentationCompilation-style technique with frequent citations and sidebars
- 頻出モチーフ
- Importance of education and liberal artsInterrelation of culture and the artsCritique of overspecializationDeep interest in music (especially Berlioz)Interest in detective fiction and popular culture
評価・遺産
A polymathic cultural historian whose work influenced debates on education and cultural criticism. He achieved international acclaim for major works such as From Dawn to Decadence and received honors in both the U.S. and France.
関連学会
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- American Philosophical Society
- American Academy of Arts and Letters
資料所蔵先
- Jacques Barzun papers, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University
大衆文化への影響
- A quotation about baseball attributed to him is inscribed on a plaque at the Baseball Hall of Fame
引用
-
Whoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball.
出典: (Famous quote; inscribed on a plaque at the Baseball Hall of Fame)
豆知識
- Died at age 104, continued writing and reviewing into advanced age
- Wrote or edited more than forty books
- Published From Dawn to Decadence at age 93 (considered a magnum opus)
- Co-recipient of a Special Edgar Award for A Catalogue of Crime
- Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom