Nobel Prize in Literature
1 appearances
-
Edition 57 (1964) Winner
Jean-Paul Sartre
ジャン＝ポール・サルトル
Jean-Paul Sartre
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1905-06-21 （Paris 16th arrondissement, France）
- Died
- 1980-04-15 （Paris 14th arrondissement, France） age 74
- Nationality
- France
- Languages
- French
- Religion
- Atheism / None
- Residence History
- Meudon (raised by maternal grandfather) → Paris (birthplace and longtime residence) → Le Havre (taught at lycée) → Berlin (study abroad)
Career
- Occupations
- Philosopher, Novelist, Playwright, Essayist, Public intellectual
- Active Years
- 1923-1980
- Affiliations
- Editor of Les Temps Modernes, Co-founded the daily newspaper Libération (1973)
- Influenced By
- Baruch Spinoza, René Descartes, Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fyodor Dostoevsky
- Influenced
- Jacques-Alain Miller, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Albert Camus, Frantz Fanon, Kenzaburo Oe
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| École Normale Supérieure | — | Philosophy | — | 1924-1929 | France |
École Normale Supérieure
Philosophy
Period:
1924-1929
Year of Graduation:
1929
Country:
France
Passed the agrégation (philosophy) in 1929
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Nobel Prize in Literature | — | — | Swedish Academy | 辞退 |
Nobel Prize in Literature
1964
Organization:
Swedish Academy
Result:
辞退
Awards & Nominations
Works
Major Works
Being and Nothingness
1943 Philosophy (phenomenological ontology)Major philosophical work elaborating on consciousness, freedom, otherness and nothingness, drawing on Husserlian phenomenology and Heideggerian ontology.
freedomresponsibilitythe Othernothingness
Nausea
1938 Novel (philosophical, existential)A novel portraying the protagonist's existential nausea and confrontation with being; a landmark of existentialist literature.
absurdity of existenceself-consciousnessalienation
No Exit (Huis Clos)
1944 PlayA play set in a closed room examining interpersonal relations that famously contains the line 'Hell is other people.'
the gaze of the Otherself and otherresponsibility
Bibliography
- L'Imagination (1936)
- Being and Nothingness (1943)
- Nausea (1938)
- The Words (1963)
Adaptations
- Numerous stage and film adaptations of plays and novels
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- philosophical proseanalytic/phenomenological descriptionpolitical polemic
- Recurring Motifs
- freedom and responsibilitythe gaze of the Othernothingness and alienationengagement (political commitment)
Health
-
Strabismus (right eye nearly blind)幼児期から生涯Right eye nearly blind since early childhood; by 1973 retinal bleeding in the left eye left him effectively blind.
-
Pulmonary edema1980Cause of death in 1980 (pulmonary edema).
Legacy
A leading 20th-century existentialist philosopher and writer whose work influenced literature, philosophy and politics; also known for publicly declining the Nobel Prize.
Museums
- Jean-Paul Sartre related archives/museum France (archives held in various institutions)
Academic Societies
- Sartre study groups / societies
Archives
- Jean-Paul Sartre archives (manuscripts, correspondence)
In Popular Culture
- Frequent references in theatre, film and literature (e.g., 'Hell is other people')
Quotes
-
Hell is other people.
Source: Play 'No Exit' (Huis Clos) (1944) -
Existence precedes essence.
Source: Lecture/essay 'Existentialism Is a Humanism' (1946)
Trivia
- Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but declined it.
- Longtime partner and collaborator of Simone de Beauvoir.
- Lost most of his sight by 1973 and attempted collaborative work in later years.