-
第46回（1965年） Winner
John Allyn McAlpin Berryman
ジョン・ベリマン
John Berryman
別名:
John Allyn Smith, Jr.
ペンネーム:
Henry (literary alter ego)（Used as the poet's alter ego in The Dream Songs）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1914-10-25 （McAlester, Oklahoma, U.S.）
- 死没
- 1972-01-07 （Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.） 57歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 居住地歴
- McAlester, Oklahoma (born — until about age 10) → Clearwater, Florida (childhood) → Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts (lecturing period) → Minneapolis, Minnesota (major workplace/residence later in life) → Cambridge, England (study abroad)
経歴
- 職業
- Poet, Scholar, Professor
- 活動期間
- 1942年〜1972年
- 所属
- University of Iowa (Iowa Writer's Workshop), Harvard University, Princeton University, University of Cincinnati, University of Minnesota, Brown University (visiting)
- 所属団体
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Fellow)
- 影響を受けた人物
- W. B. Yeats, W. H. Auden, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Stephen Crane, Ezra Pound, Mark Van Doren (mentor)
- 影響を与えた人物
- Philip Levine, W. D. Snodgrass, Donald Justice, William Dickey, Jane Cooper
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columbia University (Columbia College) | — | English | BA | 1932–1936 | United States |
| Clare College, University of Cambridge | — | English | MA | 1936–1938 | United Kingdom |
Columbia University (Columbia College)
English
学位:
BA
期間:
1932–1936
卒業年:
1936
国:
United States
Served as president of the Philolexian Society, edited The Columbia Review
Clare College, University of Cambridge
English
学位:
MA
期間:
1936–1938
卒業年:
1938
国:
United Kingdom
Studied on a Kellett Fellowship
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | 77 Dream Songs | — | Pulitzer Prize committee | 受賞 |
| 1969 | National Book Award for Poetry | His Toy, His Dream, His Rest | — | National Book Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1969 | Bollingen Prize | His Toy, His Dream, His Rest | — | Bollingen Prize committee | 受賞 |
| 1967 | Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | — | — | American Academy of Arts and Sciences | 選出 |
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
1965
対象作品:
77 Dream Songs
主催:
Pulitzer Prize committee
結果:
受賞
National Book Award for Poetry
1969
対象作品:
His Toy, His Dream, His Rest
主催:
National Book Foundation
結果:
受賞
Bollingen Prize
1969
対象作品:
His Toy, His Dream, His Rest
主催:
Bollingen Prize committee
結果:
受賞
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1967
主催:
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
結果:
選出
受賞・候補エディション
-
第20回（1969年） Winner
-
第21回（1969年 第2回開催） Winner
作品
代表作
77 Dream Songs
1964年 Poetry collection (Dream Song form)A sequence of short lyric poems featuring the poet's alter ego 'Henry.' The poems mix free verse, irregular rhyme, black humor, grief, loss and confession; they are Berryman's breakthrough and signature work.
ConfessionFather's deathIdentityGrief and dark humor
Homage to Mistress Bradstreet
1956年 Long poem / historical lyricA long poem addressing 17th-century poet Anne Bradstreet, combining historical material and imaginative projection; one of Berryman's early acclaimed works.
Dialogue with historyEmpathy toward a woman poetMemory and imagination
全著作
- Poems (1942)
- The Dispossessed (1948)
- Homage to Mistress Bradstreet (1956)
- 77 Dream Songs (1964)
- Berryman's Sonnets (1967)
- His Toy, His Dream, His Rest (1968)
- The Dream Songs (1969)
- Love & Fame (1970)
- Delusions, Etc. (1972)
- Henry's Fate & Other Poems (1977, posthumous selection)
- Collected Poems 1937–1971 (1989, ed. Charles Thornbury)
- Selected Poems (2004, Library of America, ed. Kevin Young)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Confessional poetryFragmentary/episodic Dream Song formFree verse with occasional irregular rhyme
- 頻出モチーフ
- Death of the father and lossSelf-splitting / alter ego (Henry)Religious anguish and redemptionAlcohol and self-destruction
健康
-
Alcohol use disorder生涯を通じて（特に晩年）Repeated hospitalizations, severe negative effects on both creative work and personal life, and considered a contributing factor to his eventual suicide.
-
Depression主に成人期〜晩年Became a central theme of his work and impaired functioning; experienced repeated psychiatric crises.
評価・遺産
John Berryman is a major postwar American poet, established as a leading figure of confessional poetry by The Dream Songs. He won major poetry prizes including the Pulitzer and National Book Award and influenced many later poets.
記念館・博物館
- Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (John Berryman collection) Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
関連学会
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
資料所蔵先
- Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library (related papers)
- Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (Emory University)
大衆文化への影響
- The TV series Succession uses phrases from Dream Song 29 as season finale titles.
- Musicians such as Nick Cave have cited Berryman's influence on their work.
引用
-
"These Songs are not meant to be understood, you understand. / They are only meant to terrify & comfort."
出典: Dream Song 366 (line from the poems) (1968年)
豆知識
- Born John Allyn Smith, Jr.; later took the surname Berryman from his stepfather.
- Taught notable poets including Philip Levine.
- Won the Pulitzer Prize in 1965 for 77 Dream Songs.
- Died by suicide in 1972 after jumping from the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis.