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Edition 1 (1916) Winner
John Burroughs
ジョン・バロウズ
John Burroughs
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1837-04-03 （Roxbury, New York (Catskill Mountains)）
- Died
- 1921-03-29 （Near Kingsville, Ohio (on a train)） age 83
- Nationality
- United States
- Languages
- English
- Religion
- Atheist with pantheistic inclinations
- Residence History
- Roxbury, New York (birthplace and childhood) → Washington, D.C. (work and early career) → West Park, New York (Riverby; Slabsides) → Woodchuck Lodge, New York (summer residence)
Career
- Occupations
- Naturalist, Nature essayist, Conservationist
- Active Years
- 1860-1921
- Memberships
- American Academy of Arts and Letters (member), John Burroughs Association (organization established to commemorate him)
- Influenced By
- Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Henry David Thoreau (partially critical)
- Influenced
- American nature writers of the 20th century, Writers emphasizing local conservation and nature observation
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperstown Seminary | — | — | — | 1854–1856 | United States |
Cooperstown Seminary
Period:
1854–1856
Year of Graduation:
1856
Country:
United States
Completed studies at the seminary in 1856; alternated teaching and study during this period.
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters | — | — | American Academy of Arts and Letters | 選出 |
Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Organization:
American Academy of Arts and Letters
Result:
選出
Awards & Nominations
Works
Major Works
Wake-Robin
1871 Nature essays 200 pagesAn early collection of essays focusing on birds, the arrival of spring, and close observations of everyday nature; it established Burroughs' reputation.
BirdsSeasonal changePersonal observation
Riverby
1894 Essays / Memoir-like 150 pagesEssays about his Riverby estate, the surrounding nature, and aspects of daily life there.
Rural landscapeCultivation and gardeningNature observation
The Last Harvest
1922 Essay collection (posthumous) 240 pagesFinal volume collecting Burroughs' late essays; published posthumously and edited by Clara Barrus and others.
Life summationUnion with nature
In the Catskills
1910 Travel essays / Nature observation 180 pagesCollection of essays recalling the Catskills, including mountain climbs, fly-fishing experiences, and close nature observations.
MountaineeringFishingHometown landscape
Bibliography
- Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person (1867)
- Wake Robin (1871)
- Winter Sunshine (1875)
- Birds and Poets (1877)
- Locusts and Wild Honey (1879)
- Pepacton (1881)
- Fresh Fields (1884)
- Indoor Studies (1889)
- Riverby (1894)
- Whitman: A Study (1896)
- Birds and Bees and Other Studies in Nature (1896)
- The Light of Day (1900)
- Squirrels and Other Fur-Bearers (1900)
- John James Audubon (1902)
- Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt (1906)
- Bird and Bough (1906) (poetry)
- Afoot and Afloat (1907)
- Time and Change (1912)
- The Summit of the Years (1913)
- The Breath of Life (1915)
- Under the Apple Trees (1916)
- Field and Study (1919)
- Accepting the Universe (1920)
- Under the Maples (1921, posthumous)
- The Last Harvest (1922, posthumous)
Adaptations
- Short film 'A Day With John Burroughs' (1919)
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- Concise, poetic prose based on observationEssayistic style focusing on details of nature
- Recurring Motifs
- BirdsMountainsFishingSeasonal changeRural landscapes
Health
-
Chest abscess; declining heart function1921年2月〜1921年3月After surgery for a chest abscess in February 1921 his health declined, with memory lapses and decreased heart function; he died on a train in March 1921.
Legacy
John Burroughs was a leading nature essayist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, significantly influencing American nature writing and conservation thought. Woodchuck Lodge, Riverby, and Slabsides are nationally recognized sites, and the John Burroughs Association continues to honor distinguished natural history authors with a medal.
Museums
- Woodchuck Lodge Near Roxbury, New York Opened in 1962
- Slabsides West Park, New York (near Riverby) Opened in 1968
- Riverby West Park, New York Opened in 1968
Academic Societies
- American Academy of Arts and Letters
Archives
- Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia (Papers of John Burroughs)
- John Burroughs Association archives
In Popular Culture
- Numerous schools and geographic features bear his name (e.g., John Burroughs High School)
- The John Burroughs Association annually awards the John Burroughs Medal for distinguished natural history books
Quotes
-
The Kingdom of heaven is not a place, but a state of mind.
Source: Source unknown (attributed to John Burroughs) -
Leap, and the net will appear.
Source: Source unknown (commonly attributed) -
A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.
Source: Source unknown (attributed to John Burroughs)
Trivia
- He traveled with contemporaries such as Henry Ford, Thomas Edison and Harvey Firestone; Ford once gave him an automobile.
- Woodchuck Lodge, Riverby, and Slabsides are designated National Historic Landmarks.
- The John Burroughs Association awards a medal in his name to distinguished natural history authors.
- A short film 'A Day With John Burroughs' (1919) exists featuring him.