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John Roderigo Dos Passos

ジョン・ロデリゴ・ドス・パッソス

John Roderigo Dos Passos

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1896-01-14 （Chicago, Illinois, U.S.）
死没
1970-09-28 （Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.） 74歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
居住地歴
Chicago (birthplace) → Paris (studies at the Sorbonne) → Montparnasse, Paris → Maine (artwork and residence periods) → Spence's Point, Virginia (estate/home in later life) → Baltimore, Maryland (place of death)

経歴

職業
novelist, playwright, poet, journalist, painter, translator
活動期間
1916年〜1970年
所属
American Academy of Arts and Letters, League of American Writers
所属団体
League of American Writers, American Academy of Arts and Letters, Associated with Young Americans for Freedom, Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba
影響を受けた人物
Blaise Cendrars, Modernist writers and movements
影響を与えた人物
Work noted as influence on Alfred Döblin, Influenced Jean-Paul Sartre's views on narrative technique, Influenced American writers such as Mary McCarthy, Influenced later science fiction writers (e.g. John Brunner) in collage techniques

学歴

Choate Rosemary Hall (formerly Choate School)
期間: 1907–1912
卒業年: 1912
国: United States
Secondary education; later matriculated to Harvard.
Harvard College
Humanities (studies in literature and related fields)
学位: B.A. (cum laude)
期間: 1912–1916
卒業年: 1916
国: United States
Graduated cum laude in 1916; classmates included e.e. cummings.
Sorbonne (University of Paris)
Anthropology (studies/courses)
期間: 1918（在学・研修）
国: France
Studied anthropology after World War I under U.S. Army education program; degree status unclear.

受賞歴

Antonio Feltrinelli Prize
1967
主催: Accademia/Fondazione Antonio Feltrinelli (Italy)
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Three Soldiers

1921年 War novel / anti-war novel 312ページ

An anti-war novel drawn from Dos Passos's World War I ambulance and medical corps experience, portraying soldiers' perspectives and the realities of war.

war and its effectsindividuals and the militaryreturn and transformation
翻訳
  • Three Soldiers

Manhattan Transfer

1925年 Urban novel / Modernism 480ページ

A novel portraying New York urban life using montage and experimental techniques to construct a chorus of characters and the city's bustle.

urbanization and anonymitymodern capitalismbreakdown of human relationships
翻訳
  • Manhattan Transfer

U.S.A. trilogy (The 42nd Parallel, 1919, The Big Money)

1938年 Modernism / experimental fiction 1216ページ

An experimental three-volume work combining montage, news clippings, biography, and fiction to depict American society and the transformations of capitalism in the early twentieth century.

American Dream and disillusionmentcritique of capitalismintersection of generations and history
翻訳
  • U.S.A. trilogy

The Devil Is a Woman (screenplay)

1935年 film screenplay

Contributed to the screenplay of the film directed by Josef von Sternberg starring Marlene Dietrich; adapted from Pierre Louÿs's novel.

power and desirecultural adaptations
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] The Devil Is a Woman / Josef von Sternberg (1935)

全著作

  • One Man's Initiation: 1917 (1920)
  • Three Soldiers (1921)
  • Streets of Night (1923)
  • Manhattan Transfer (1925)
  • The 42nd Parallel (1930)
  • Nineteen Nineteen (1932)
  • The Big Money (1936)
  • Adventures of a Young Man (1939)
  • Number One (1943)
  • The Grand Design (1949)
  • Chosen Country (1951)
  • The Head and Heart of Thomas Jefferson (1954)
  • Most Likely to Succeed (1954)
  • The Great Days (1958)
  • Midcentury (1961)
  • The Best Times: An Informal Memoir (1966)

翻案

  • The Devil Is a Woman (film; screenplay involvement)
  • The Odyssey of John Dos Passos (documentary film, 1994)

作家による翻訳

  • Translations of Blaise Cendrars (e.g. La Panama) into English
  • Other translations of French-language works into English

作品の翻訳

  • Japanese translations of Manhattan Transfer
  • Japanese translations of the U.S.A. trilogy

作風・主題

文体
modernist experimental techniquesmontage and collage methodsfragmentary and nonlinear narration
頻出モチーフ
cities and ensemble castscapitalism and the working classeffects of war and returning veteransintersection of American history and personal histories

健康

  • Loss of vision in one eye (automobile accident)
    1947–1970
    A 1947 automobile accident cost him sight in one eye, affecting his subsequent life and work.

評価・遺産

A major modernist figure in twentieth-century American literature. The U.S.A. trilogy is widely regarded for its experimental techniques and critique of American society and has influenced later writers and filmmakers. His political shifts affected reception, but his place in literary history is secure.

記念館・博物館

  • Spence's Point (estate) Westmoreland County, Virginia 1971年開館
  • Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library (holds John Dos Passos papers) University of Virginia (Charlottesville), Virginia

関連学会

  • American Academy of Arts and Letters

資料所蔵先

  • Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library (University of Virginia)
  • University of Maryland Libraries (John Dos Passos papers)
  • University of South Carolina (Richard Layman collection)

大衆文化への影響

  • Cited as an influence by filmmakers such as Adam Curtis for narrative techniques
  • Influence on works using collage techniques, e.g. John Brunner's Stand on Zanzibar

引用

  • I have come to think, especially since my trip to Spain, that civil liberties must be protected at every stage. In Spain, I am sure that the introduction of GPU methods by the Communists did as much harm as their tank men, pilots, and experienced military men did good.
    出典: Essay / statement about the Spanish Civil War (1937年)

豆知識

  • Dos Passos created many of his own book jackets and illustrations.
  • He produced over forty books, numerous poems, essays and plays, and more than 400 pieces of art.
  • The John Dos Passos Prize, awarded by Longwood University, is named in his honor.