世界・海外・国外の文学賞

← ホームに戻る

Léopold Sédar Senghor

レオポール・セダール・サンゴール

Leopold Sédar Senghor

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1906-10-09 （Joal, French West Africa (present-day Senegal)）
死没
2001-12-20 （Verson, France） 95歳
国籍
Senegalese
言語
French, Wolof
宗教
Roman Catholicism 1906年受洗
居住地歴
Dakar, Senegal → Paris, France → Verson, Normandy, France

経歴

職業
politician, poet, cultural theorist, academic, educator
活動期間
1928年〜2001年
所属
Socialist Party of Senegal, Senegalese Democratic Bloc (Bloc démocratique sénégalais), Académie française (elected member)
所属団体
Académie française, Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste, Royal Academy of Morocco
影響を受けた人物
Aimé Césaire, Léon Damas, Langston Hughes
影響を与えた人物
The Négritude movement and later francophone African intellectuals, Senegalese poets, politicians and cultural theorists

学歴

University of Paris (Sorbonne)
French grammar
学位: Agrégation
期間: 1928–1935
卒業年: 1935
国: France
Studied in France and obtained the agrégation; later served as a university professor.

受賞歴

Member of the Académie française
1983
主催: Académie française
結果: 選出
Prix mondial Cino Del Duca
1978
主催: Prix mondial Cino Del Duca
結果: 受賞
International Nonino Prize
1985
主催: International Nonino
結果: 受賞
African Studies Association Lifetime Achievement Award
1994
主催: African Studies Association
結果: 受賞（論争あり）
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
主催: French Republic
結果: 叙勲

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Poèmes

1964年 Poetry

A major collection of poems addressing memory, African identity and a dialogue between African particularity and universality.

African identitymemorydialogue with colonialism

Nocturnes

1961年 Poetry

A poetry collection themed on night, using musical rhythms and images to express African spirit and personal emotion.

nightspiritualitypersonal and collective feeling
翻訳
  • English translation by Clive Wake & John O. Reed

Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache

1948年 Anthology / Poetry

An anthology of francophone poetry notable for Jean-Paul Sartre's introduction ('Orphée Noir').

NégritudeFrancophonie

Liberté series

1964年 Speeches and essays

A series compiling speeches, essays and prefaces that summarize his political and cultural views.

political thoughtcultural dialogueNégritude

全著作

  • Prière aux masques
  • Chants d'ombre
  • Hosties noires
  • La Belle Histoire de Leuk-le-Lièvre
  • Éthiopiques
  • Nocturnes
  • Poèmes
  • Lettres d'hivernage
  • Élégies majeures
  • La Poésie de l'action
  • Ce que je crois

作風・主題

文体
musical, song-like rhythmic poetrysymbolic and image-driven expressionessayistic prose blending thought and feeling
頻出モチーフ
Africanness (Négritude)homeland and landscapememory and traditiondialogue between cultures

評価・遺産

Senghor left a major legacy as a poet, thinker and statesman in 20th-century Africa. As a theoretician of Négritude he influenced literature and cultural policy, and as Senegal's first president he shaped nation-building. He has been criticized for authoritarian measures, but his cultural legacy and international recognition remain substantial.

関連学会

  • Académie française
  • Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques

資料所蔵先

  • Presidential archives and collections in Dakar

大衆文化への影響

  • Dakar International Airport renamed Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in 1996
  • Commemorative renamings and postage stamps for his centenary

引用

  • When I'm dead, my friends, place me below Shadowy Joal.
    出典: Poem (epitaph) (1935年)
  • In Africa, when children have grown up, they leave their parents' hut, and build a hut of their own by its side. Believe me, we don't want to leave the French compound. We have grown up in it, and it is good to be alive in it.
    出典: Speech (1957) (1957年)

豆知識

  • First African elected to the Académie française.
  • One of the authors of Senegal's national anthem.
  • Was taken prisoner in WWII and wrote poetry while interned.
  • Dakar airport and other landmarks have been named after him.