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第72回（1979年） Winner
Odysseas Elytis
オディッセアス・エリティス
Odysseas Elytis
別名:
オディッセアス・アレプデリス / Odysseas Alepoudelis
ペンネーム:
Elytis (pen name)（Used as a pen name by Odysseas Alepoudelis）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1911-11-02 （Heraklion, Republic of Crete）
- 死没
- 1996-03-18 （Athens, Greece） 84歳
- 国籍
- Greece
- 言語
- Greek
- 宗教
- Eastern Orthodox (Greek Orthodox)
- 居住地歴
- Heraklion (birthplace) → Athens (moved in childhood, long-term residence) → Piraeus (family business relocated) → Paris (resident 1948–1952, 1969–1972) → Lesbos (family origins)
経歴
- 職業
- Poet, Essayist, Translator, Radio programme director
- 活動期間
- 1935年〜1996年
- 所属
- Greek National Radio Foundation (ERT) – Programme Director (1945–46, 1953–54), Member of the Administrative Council of the Greek National Theatre, AICA-Hellas (International Association of Art Critics, Greece)
- 所属団体
- AICA-Hellas (International Association of Art Critics, Greece), Greek National Radio related bodies
- 影響を受けた人物
- C. P. Cavafy, George Seferis, Andreas Embirikos, Ancient Greek literature and Byzantine culture
- 影響を与えた人物
- Yiannis Ritsos, Nikos Gatsos, Generation of Greek poets of the mid–late 20th century
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Athens | Faculty of Law (attended) | Law | — | 1928–(中途退学) | Greece |
University of Athens
Faculty of Law (attended)
/ Law
期間:
1928–(中途退学)
国:
Greece
Entered Law School but did not complete final exams; no degree obtained
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Nobel Prize in Literature | To Axion Esti (It Is Worthy) | — | Nobel Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1960 | First State Poetry Prize | To Axion Esti | — | Hellenic State | 受賞 |
| 1965 | Order of the Phoenix | — | — | Hellenic Republic | 受章 |
| 1975 | Doctor Honoris Causa (Faculty of Philosophy) | — | — | Thessaloniki University (Aristotle University) | 授与 |
| 1975 | Honorary Citizenship of Mytilene | — | — | Municipality of Mytilene | 授与 |
Nobel Prize in Literature
1979
対象作品:
To Axion Esti (It Is Worthy)
主催:
Nobel Foundation
結果:
受賞
First State Poetry Prize
1960
対象作品:
To Axion Esti
主催:
Hellenic State
結果:
受賞
Order of the Phoenix
1965
主催:
Hellenic Republic
結果:
受章
Doctor Honoris Causa (Faculty of Philosophy)
1975
主催:
Thessaloniki University (Aristotle University)
結果:
授与
Honorary Citizenship of Mytilene
1975
主催:
Municipality of Mytilene
結果:
授与
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
To Axion Esti (It Is Worthy)
1959年 Epic/Oratorio poetryA landmark poetic work combining Greek tradition and modern sensibility, centered on themes of light and redemption; set to music by Mikis Theodorakis and became a national cultural emblem.
lightredemptionHellenismtradition vs. modernity
映像化・舞台化
- [Oratorio (musical)] Axion Esti (music by Mikis Theodorakis) (1964)
翻訳
- Translated into multiple languages (e.g. E. Keeley & G. Savidis English translation)
Sun The First
1943年 Poetry collectionA wartime poetry collection emphasizing symbolic motifs of the sun and light; an important early work.
sunlightaffirmation of being
翻訳
- Translated into several languages
Six Plus One Remorses For The Sky
1960年 Poetry collectionA short collection treating personal and philosophical remorse and love.
remorseloveethics
The Monogram
1972年 Poetry collectionAn important mid-period collection rich in linguistic play and symbolic imagery.
symbolismmemoryimagery
全著作
- Orientations (Προσανατολισμοί) — 1939
- Sun The First — 1943
- To Axion Esti — 1959
- Six Plus One Remorses For The Sky — 1960
- The Light Tree And The Fourteenth Beauty — 1972
- The Monogram — 1972
- Signalbook — 1977
- Maria Nefeli — 1978
- Diary of an Invisible April — 1984
- The Elegies of Oxopetra — 1991
- West of Sadness — 1995
翻案
- Axion Esti (Oratorio: music by Mikis Theodorakis)
作家による翻訳
- Translations of Sappho into modern Greek (compiled and edited)
作品の翻訳
- To Axion Esti — English translation by E. Keeley & G. Savidis (and others)
- The Oxopetra Elegies — English translation by David Connolly
作風・主題
- 文体
- Fusion of modernism and romanticismSymbolic, lyrical style with musical rhythm
- 頻出モチーフ
- light (sun)sea/islands (Greece)mythic imagerymemory and nostalgia
健康
-
Tuberculosis (1927)1927（罹患・療養）Convalescence stimulated his reading of poetry and solidified his decision to become a poet.
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Typhus abdominalis (1941)1941（戦時中）Serious illness during WWII; near death experience but recovered and continued writing.
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Heart failure (cause of death)1996Died of heart failure in 1996.
評価・遺産
One of the leading Greek poets of the second half of the 20th century. 'To Axion Esti' became a national emblem and bridged Greek culture with modern poetry. His work received international translations and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
関連学会
- AICA-Hellas
資料所蔵先
- The American School of Classical Studies (holds manuscripts and initial translations of Sappho fragments)
大衆文化への影響
- Axion Esti, via Theodorakis's musical setting, became widely sung in Greece at events of protest, resistance and commemoration.
引用
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"Greek — the language they gave me; poor the house on Homer's shores."
出典: From 'To Axion Esti' (1959年)
豆知識
- Born Odysseas Alepoudelis; Elytis was his pen name.
- He self-exiled to Paris during the Greek junta (1969–1972).
- He was buried wearing a silver wedding band engraved 'Marianina'.
- He had interests in numerology and Vedic astrology.
- He expressed a wish for cremation, contrary to Greek Orthodox practice.