Kossuth Prize
2回登壇
-
第1回（1948年） Winner
-
第5回（1952年） Winner
Pál Turán
パール・トゥラーン
Pal Turan
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1910-08-18 （Budapest, Austria-Hungary）
- 死没
- 1976-09-26 （Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic） 66歳
- 国籍
- Hungary
- 言語
- Hungarian, English
- 宗教
- Judaism
- 居住地歴
- Budapest (birth and main residence) → Labour camps (Transylvania, during WWII)
経歴
- 職業
- Mathematician, Professor
- 活動期間
- 1933年〜1976年
- 所属
- Eötvös Loránd University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, János Bolyai Mathematical Society (founder and president)
- 所属団体
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, János Bolyai Mathematical Society, Polish Mathematical Society, American Mathematical Society, Austrian Mathematical Society
- 影響を受けた人物
- Lipót Fejér, Paul Erdős (collaborator)
- 影響を与えた人物
- László Babai, János Pintz, Peter Szüsz, Miklós Simonovits
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eötvös Loránd University | — | Mathematics | PhD | 1928–1935 | Hungary |
Eötvös Loránd University
Mathematics
学位:
PhD
期間:
1928–1935
卒業年:
1935
国:
Hungary
Doctoral advisor: Lipót Fejér. Received a teaching degree in 1933 and PhD in 1935.
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Kossuth Prize | — | — | Hungary (state/cultural) | 受賞 |
| 1952 | Kossuth Prize | — | — | Hungary (state/cultural) | 受賞 |
| 1970 | ICM Invited Speaker | — | — | International Congress of Mathematicians | 招待講演 |
| 1975 | Tibor Szele Prize | — | — | János Bolyai Mathematical Society | 受賞 |
| 1948 | Elected corresponding member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences | — | — | Hungarian Academy of Sciences | 選出 |
| 1953 | Elected ordinary member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences | — | — | Hungarian Academy of Sciences | 選出 |
Kossuth Prize
1948
主催:
Hungary (state/cultural)
結果:
受賞
Kossuth Prize
1952
主催:
Hungary (state/cultural)
結果:
受賞
ICM Invited Speaker
1970
主催:
International Congress of Mathematicians
結果:
招待講演
Tibor Szele Prize
1975
主催:
János Bolyai Mathematical Society
結果:
受賞
Elected corresponding member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1948
主催:
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
結果:
選出
Elected ordinary member, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1953
主催:
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
結果:
選出
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
On a new method of analysis and its applications
1984年 Mathematics (monograph) 584ページA collection centered on Turán's power sum method, systematizing analytic techniques and their applications to number theory and analysis, with numerous examples and applications.
Number theoryAnalysisPower sum methodZero-counting estimates
Number Theory (edited)
1970年 Mathematics (edited volume)An edited volume on number theory compiled by Turán, containing contributions related to his work and the power sum method.
Number theoryProbabilistic number theoryAnalytic methods
Turán's theorem (extremal graph theory)
1941年 Mathematics (graph theory)A fundamental result giving an upper bound on the number of edges in a graph that does not contain the complete graph Kr as a subgraph; foundational for extremal graph theory.
Graph theoryExtremal combinatoricsCombinatorial optimization
全著作
- Ed. by P. Turán, 'Number Theory' (1970)
- Paul Turán, 'On a new method of analysis and its applications' (eds. Hálasz, Pintz, 1984)
- Erdős, Paul (ed.), 'Collected Papers of Paul Turán. Vol. 1–3.' (1990)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Concise, rigorous, problem-solving oriented expositions
- 頻出モチーフ
- Distribution of primes and irregularities (prime number race)Sieve methods (Turán sieve)Extremal problems in graph theoryInequalities and estimate techniques
健康
-
Leukemia1970年頃–1976年Diagnosis around 1970 was kept from him by his wife; he continued working until his death. Some works remained unfinished due to illness.
評価・遺産
Turán is regarded as a founder of extremal graph theory, and his name is attached to many concepts such as Turán's theorem, the Turán sieve and Turán numbers. He developed methods that bridged number theory, analysis, and graph theory, influencing many subsequent researchers.
関連学会
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- János Bolyai Mathematical Society
- Polish Mathematical Society
- American Mathematical Society
- Austrian Mathematical Society
資料所蔵先
- Rényi Institute archives (Budapest)
- Eötvös Loránd University archives (Budapest)
大衆文化への影響
- Turán's theorem and the Turán graph are standard topics in graph theory textbooks and courses.
- There are memorial lectures named after Turán (Paul Turán memorial lectures).
引用
-
In 1940–1941 he created the area of extremal problems in graph theory.
出典: Paul Erdős (reminiscence) (1980年) -
He recalled that the only way he could keep his sanity in the camps was through mathematics, solving problems in his head.
出典: Paul Turán recollection / Journal of Graph Theory (1977) (1977年)
豆知識
- He showed outstanding mathematical ability from his late teens and contributed actively to mathematical journals as a student.
- There is an anecdote that he swam across the Danube around his 50th birthday.
- He collaborated with Paul Erdős for 46 years, producing 28 joint papers.