世界・海外・国外の文学賞

← ホームに戻る

Rabindranath Tagore

ラビンドラナート・タゴール

Rabindranath Tagore

別名: Bhanusimha / Gurudev / Rabindranath Thakur
ペンネーム: Bhanusimha（Used in early years for poetic publications; at times presented as a supposedly lost classical poet.）, Gurudev（Honorific sobriquet used by admirers and disciples.）

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1861-05-07 （Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India）
死没
1941-08-07 （Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India） 80歳
国籍
British India (modern India)
言語
Bengali, English
宗教
Brahmoism / Brahmo Samaj
居住地歴
Jorasanko (Calcutta) → Shelaidaha (present-day Bangladesh) → Santiniketan (Bolpur) → Brighton, England → London (short stays)

経歴

職業
poet, novelist, playwright, essayist, composer, painter, philosopher, social reformer, educationist, linguist, grammarian
活動期間
1877年〜1941年
所属
Royal Asiatic Society (Fellow), Visva-Bharati University (founder)
所属団体
Royal Asiatic Society
影響を受けた人物
Vyasa and classical rishi authors, Kabir (Bhakti–Sufi poet), Lalon Shah (Baul folk tradition)
影響を与えた人物
Satyajit Ray (film director; adapted Tagore's works), Amartya Sen (philosopher/economist influenced by Tagore's thought), Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral (influenced via translations)

学歴

Public school near Brighton (brief)
期間: 1878（短期）
国: United Kingdom
Sent to England with intent to study law but left without a degree; pursued independent study.
University College London (brief attendance)
期間: 1880（短期）
国: United Kingdom
Attended briefly to read law but did not obtain a formal degree.

受賞歴

Nobel Prize in Literature
1913
対象作品: Gitanjali (selected translated poems)
主催: Swedish Academy
結果: 受賞
Knighthood (later renounced)
1915
主催: British Crown
結果: 受与（1915）、1919年に返上

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Gitanjali (Song Offerings)

1910年 poetry collection

A collection of spiritually infused poems about nature and the relation of the self to the universe. Its English translations brought Tagore international acclaim and contributed to his 1913 Nobel Prize.

spiritualitynatureself–universe relationshipinner quest
翻訳
  • English (partial translations by Tagore and others)

Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World)

1916年 novel

A novel set against the Swadeshi movement that explores conflicts between personal ethics and political ideology.

critique of nationalismindividual vs. nationpolitics and ethics
映像化・舞台化
  • [film] The Home and the World / Satyajit Ray (1984)
翻訳
  • Multiple English translations

Gora

1910年 novel

A major novel interrogating Indian identity, religion, and selfhood amid colonial social and religious tensions.

self-identityreligion and societyeffects of colonialism
翻訳
  • Available in English translation

Jana Gana Mana

1911年 song (national anthem)

A poem–song by Tagore later adopted as the national anthem of India.

homeland praisesolidarity and hope

全著作

  • Gitanjali
  • Manasi
  • Gora
  • The Home and the World
  • Collections of Rabindra Sangeet

翻案

  • Nastanirh → Film 'Charulata' (dir. Satyajit Ray, 1964)
  • Ghare-Baire → film by Satyajit Ray (1984)
  • Chokher Bali → multiple film adaptations

作家による翻訳

  • Gitanjali (partial English translations by Tagore himself)

作品の翻訳

  • Gitanjali (translated into English and many other languages)
  • Numerous English translations of novels, stories and essays

作風・主題

文体
lyrical and philosophical poetic stylecolloquial, accessible prosemix of naturalistic description and symbolic imagery
頻出モチーフ
nature (rivers, birds, seasons)spiritual questinner self (moner manush)love and solitudeconflict between society and individual

健康

  • Color vision deficiency (probable protanopia)
    晩年（60歳以降に絵画活動が活発化した時期）
    Likely influenced his painting palette and led to atypical color schemes.
  • Chronic ill health; prolonged illnesses with periods of unconsciousness (from c.1937)
    1937–1941（特に1937年末と1940年の長期療養）
    Intermittent interruption of creative work and deepening of introspective, somber themes in late works.

評価・遺産

Tagore profoundly shaped Bengali literature, music, and education and achieved international recognition for his poetry and thought. His legacy endures in public culture, including contributions to the national anthems of India and Bangladesh.

記念館・博物館

  • Rabindra Bharati Museum (Jorasanko) Jorasanko, Kolkata, India
  • Rabindra Bhavan Museum (Santiniketan) Santiniketan, India
  • Tagore Memorial Museum (Shelaidaha) Shelaidaha, Bangladesh

関連学会

  • Visva-Bharati University
  • various international literary and translation study groups

資料所蔵先

  • Visva-Bharati University archives
  • Rabindra Bharati University / Jorasanko collections

大衆文化への影響

  • Satyajit Ray's documentary 'Rabindranath Tagore' (1961)
  • Tagore festivals worldwide (recitals, music, performances)
  • Numerous film and stage adaptations of his works

引用

  • Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; where knowledge is free...
    出典: Gitanjali (1910年)
  • Clouds come floating into my life, no longer to carry rain or usher storm, but to add color to my sunset sky.
    出典: Stray Birds, verse 292 (1916年)

豆知識

  • Wrote the songs that became the national anthems of India and Bangladesh.
  • One of the first Asian writers to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913).
  • Founded Visva-Bharati University and championed progressive education.