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Randall Jarrell

ランドール・ジャレル

Randall Jarrell

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1914-05-06 （Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.）
死没
1965-10-14 （Near Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.） 51歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
居住地歴
Nashville, Tennessee (birth — student years) → Gambier, Ohio (Kenyon College) → Austin, Texas (University of Texas) → Bronxville, New York (Sarah Lawrence College) → Greensboro, North Carolina (long-term residence; UNC-G) → Washington, D.C. (temporary during Library of Congress consultance)

経歴

職業
poet, literary critic, children's author, essayist, novelist, university teacher
活動期間
1935年〜1965年
所属
Kenyon College (faculty), University of Texas at Austin (faculty), Sarah Lawrence College (faculty), University of North Carolina at Greensboro (faculty), University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (visiting), United States Army Air Forces (service), Library of Congress (Consultant in Poetry)
所属団体
Phi Beta Kappa
影響を受けた人物
W. H. Auden, William Wordsworth, Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt (contemporary thinker, friend)

学歴

Vanderbilt University
College of Arts and Science / Department of English
学位: BA
期間: 1931–1935
卒業年: 1935
国: United States
Received B.A.; Phi Beta Kappa, graduated magna cum laude.
Vanderbilt University
Graduate School (English) / Department of English
学位: MA
期間: 1935–1937
卒業年: 1937
国: United States
Received M.A.; began and completed thesis on A. E. Housman.

受賞歴

Guggenheim Fellowship
1947
主催: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
結果: 受賞（1947–1948）
Grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters
1951
主催: National Institute of Arts and Letters
結果: 助成
National Book Award (Poetry)
1961
対象作品: The Woman at the Washington Zoo
部門: 詩
主催: National Book Foundation
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

The Woman at the Washington Zoo

1960年 Poetry collection

A poetry collection containing poems about middle-aged women, loneliness, war and everyday life. Marked Jarrell's mature voice and won the National Book Award in 1961.

lonelinessagingmemories of wareveryday character sketches

The Lost World

1965年 Poetry collection

A late poetry collection with poems about loneliness, defense of the self, and intersubjectivity; regarded by many critics as some of his finest work.

lonelinessdefense of the selfintersubjectivitymemory

Pictures from an Institution

1954年 Fiction (satire)

A satirical novel drawing on his teaching experiences at Sarah Lawrence, portraying faculty and institutional life at a fictional college.

satire of academic institutionshuman relationshipsauthority and humor

The Animal Family

1965年 Children's book

A children's book illustrated by Maurice Sendak about unconventional family, belonging, and acceptance.

familyacceptancenature and relationships

The Bat-Poet

1964年 Children's book

A children's book illustrated by Maurice Sendak about a bat who loves poetry; a gentle fable about art and community.

art and isolationacceptancechildren's fable

Blood for a Stranger

1942年 Poetry collection

An early collection showing strong influence from W. H. Auden and establishing his early poetic voice.

warvoice of the young poet

全著作

  • The Rage for the Lost Penny (in Five Young American Poets, 1940)
  • Blood for a Stranger (poetry, 1942)
  • Little Friend, Little Friend (poetry, 1945)
  • Losses (poetry, 1948)
  • The Seven-League Crutches (poetry, 1951)
  • Selected Poems (1955)
  • Pictures from an Institution (fiction, 1954)
  • Poetry and the Age (essays, 1953)
  • The Woman at the Washington Zoo (poetry, 1960)
  • The Bat-Poet (children's book, 1964)
  • The Animal Family (children's book, 1965)
  • The Lost World (poetry, 1965)
  • The Complete Poems (collected, 1969)

作家による翻訳

  • Translations of poems by Rainer Maria Rilke
  • Anton Chekhov: The Three Sisters (translation)
  • Goethe's Faust, Part I (translation begun in 1957; published 1976)
  • Edited/translated Grimm fairy tales

作風・主題

文体
poetic style that often mimics speech and conversation (mimesis)blend of Modernist and Romantic influenceswitty, rigorous prose style in criticism
頻出モチーフ
loneliness and alienationwar and military experiencechildren and childhoodaging and the voices of womenanimals and nature

健康

  • depression
    1963–1965（晩年）
    Significantly affected creative work and daily life; required hospitalization and treatment.
  • drug-induced mania (side effect of Elavil)
    1963（治療中）
    Experienced mania induced by prescribed medication; hospitalization and discontinuation of the drug were necessary.
  • suicide attempt (wrist slashing)
    1965（春）
    Contributed to ongoing mental instability and caused concern among acquaintances.

評価・遺産

Randall Jarrell was a major 20th-century American poet and an influential literary critic. Known for his war poems, children's books, and incisive criticism, he received recognition including the 1961 National Book Award. His influence as poet and critic has continued posthumously.

記念館・博物館

  • Randall Jarrell historical marker (Hume-Fogg High School) Nashville, Tennessee — at Hume-Fogg High School 2004年開館
  • North Carolina Highway Historical Marker (near burial site) Near Greensboro, North Carolina

関連学会

  • Phi Beta Kappa

資料所蔵先

  • Randall Jarrell Papers (University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
  • Randall Jarrell Papers (#1169-005), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University
  • Library of Congress records

大衆文化への影響

  • Frequently featured in memorial collections and biographies by contemporaneous poets
  • Known in children's literature contexts for illustrations by Maurice Sendak

引用

  • He was 'the most heartbreaking poet of our time' and had written 'the best poetry in English about the Second World War.'
    出典: Robert Lowell, quoted in coverage of Jarrell's memorial at Yale (The New York Times, 1966) (1966年)

豆知識

  • Served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II; wartime experience influenced much of his poetry.
  • Won the 1961 National Book Award for Poetry for The Woman at the Washington Zoo (published 1960).
  • Children's books such as The Animal Family and The Bat-Poet were illustrated by Maurice Sendak.
  • Died after being struck by a car in 1965; whether the death was accidental or suicide has been the subject of debate.