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Richard Dawkins

リチャード・ドーキンス

Richard Dawkins

別名: Clinton Richard Dawkins

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1941-03-26 （Nairobi, British Kenya）
国籍
United Kingdom
言語
English
宗教
Cultural Church of England upbringing / currently non-religious (de facto atheist)
居住地歴
Nairobi (birthplace) → Oxford (long-term residence) → Berkeley, California (academic appointment)

経歴

職業
evolutionary biologist, zoologist, science communicator, author
活動期間
1966年〜
所属
New College, Oxford, University of Oxford (including Simonyi Professorship), University of California, Berkeley, New College of the Humanities, Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (founder)
所属団体
Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, Fellow of the Royal Society, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (affiliate/fellow)
影響を受けた人物
W. D. Hamilton, Nikolaas Tinbergen, George C. Williams
影響を与えた人物
contemporary science communicators and popular science writers, figures associated with the New Atheism movement

学歴

Chafyn Grove School
期間: 1949–1954 (初等教育期、概算)
国: United Kingdom
Attended after return to England in 1949.
Oundle School
期間: 1954–1959
卒業年: 1959
国: United Kingdom
Attended the English public school Oundle.
Balliol College, Oxford (University of Oxford)
Faculty of Sciences (Zoology) / Zoology
学位: DPhil
期間: 1960–1966（学士および博士課程）
卒業年: 1966
国: United Kingdom
Graduated BA (1962) and DPhil (1966). Doctoral advisor: Nikolaas Tinbergen.

受賞歴

ZSL Silver Medal
1989
主催: Zoological Society of London
結果: 受賞
Michael Faraday Prize
1990
主催: The Royal Society
結果: 受賞
International Cosmos Prize
1997
主催: International Cosmos Prize
結果: 受賞
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
2001
主催: The Royal Society
結果: 選出
Shakespeare Prize
2005
主催: Alfred Toepfer Foundation
結果: 受賞
Nierenberg Prize
2009
主催: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
結果: 受賞
American Humanist Association: Humanist of the Year (prior to revocation)
1996
主催: American Humanist Association
結果: 受賞（2021年に剥奪）
Galaxy British Book Awards: Author of the Year
2007
主催: Galaxy British Book Awards
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

The Selfish Gene

1976年 popular science

Presents the gene-centered view of evolution, popularised the concept of the 'meme', and introduced readers to a gene-centric explanation of behaviour and evolution.

gene-centered evolutionbiological explanations of altruismreplicator concept

The Extended Phenotype

1982年 science / popular science

Argues that the phenotypic effects of genes can extend beyond the organism's body into the environment and other organisms, expanding understanding of evolutionary effects.

extended phenotypeadaptation and environmental interaction

The Blind Watchmaker

1986年 popular science

Presents a sustained critique of design arguments and shows how cumulative natural selection can create apparent complexity without an intelligent designer.

natural selectioncritique of design arguments
映像化・舞台化
  • [documentary (TV)] The Blind Watchmaker (BBC film) (1987)

The God Delusion

2006年 critique of religion / polemic

A critical examination of religion arguing that belief in a supernatural creator is highly improbable; internationally successful and influential in the New Atheism movement.

critique of religiondefence of evidence-based thinking
映像化・舞台化
  • [TV program / documentary] The Root of All Evil? (documentary) (2006)

The Ancestor's Tale

2004年 science history / evolution

A Chaucerian 'pilgrimage' retracing the history of life back to its origins, describing evolutionary relationships and major events.

history of lifeevolutionary relationships

The Magic of Reality

2011年 children's popular science

Explains natural phenomena to younger readers in an accessible, evidence-based way, contrasting myths with scientific explanations.

science educationevidence-based explanation

An Appetite for Wonder

2013年 memoir

First volume of memoirs recounting childhood and the emergence of scientific interests.

autobiographyformation of a scientist

Brief Candle in the Dark

2015年 memoir

Second volume of memoirs covering later scientific career, public life, and reflections.

memoirscience and public engagement

全著作

  • The Selfish Gene
  • The Extended Phenotype
  • The Blind Watchmaker
  • The Ancestor's Tale
  • The God Delusion
  • The Magic of Reality
  • An Appetite for Wonder
  • Brief Candle in the Dark
  • The Greatest Show on Earth

翻案

  • The Blind Watchmaker (BBC film)
  • The Enemies of Reason (Channel 4 documentary)
  • The Unbelievers (documentary film, appearance)

作風・主題

文体
clear and accessible popular-science proselogical and argumentative toneoccasionally polemical or didactic
頻出モチーフ
gene-centered perspectivevisual and intuitive explanations of natural selectioncritique of religion

健康

  • minor haemorrhagic stroke (2016)
    2016
    Caused cancellation/postponement of some appearances; later reported near-complete recovery in the same year.

評価・遺産

Richard Dawkins popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and became a leading public intellectual through popular science writing and outspoken critique of religion. He coined and popularised 'meme', won numerous awards, and shaped public debates on science and secularism.

関連学会

  • The Royal Society (Fellow)
  • Royal Society of Literature (Fellow)

大衆文化への影響

  • Appearance on South Park (voice)
  • Appearance on The Simpsons (voice cameo)
  • Guest narration on Nightwish album

引用

  • We are survival machines — robot vehicles blind to the goals of the genes that built them.
    出典: The Selfish Gene (1976年)
  • Faith — belief that is not based on evidence — is one of the world's great evils.
    出典: The God Delusion (2006年)

豆知識

  • Popularised the term 'meme' in The Selfish Gene (1976).
  • Has been nicknamed 'Darwin’s Rottweiler' for his vigorous defence of Darwinian ideas.
  • The freshwater fish genus Dawkinsia was named in his honour.