Bancroft Prize
1回登壇
-
第16回（1963年 第2回開催） Winner
Roberta Wohlstetter
ロベルタ・ウォールステッター
Roberta Wohlstetter
プロフィール
- 性別
- 女性
- 生誕
- 1912-08-22 （Duluth, Minnesota）
- 死没
- 2007-01-06 （New York Hospital (Weill Cornell Medical Center), New York City） 94歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 居住地歴
- Duluth (birthplace) → New York City → Santa Monica (RAND affiliation)
経歴
- 職業
- historian, military intelligence analyst, policy analyst, researcher, author
- 活動期間
- 1933年〜2002年
- 所属
- RAND Corporation, University of Chicago (lecturer), Barnard College (lecturer), Howard University (lecturer), Council on Foreign Relations, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Defense Science Council, Advisory Council of the National Center for Intelligence Studies
- 所属団体
- Council on Foreign Relations, International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Edmund Morgan (brother), Albert Wohlstetter (husband)
- 影響を与えた人物
- Donald Rumsfeld, Contemporary intelligence analysis community
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vassar College | — | — | Bachelor's | — | United States |
| Columbia University | — | Psychology | Master's | — | United States |
| Radcliffe College | — | Comparative Literature | Master's | — | United States |
Vassar College
学位:
Bachelor's
卒業年:
1933
国:
United States
Columbia University
Psychology
学位:
Master's
卒業年:
1936
国:
United States
Master's degree in psychology
Radcliffe College
Comparative Literature
学位:
Master's
卒業年:
1937
国:
United States
Master's degree in comparative literature
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Presidential Medal of Freedom | — | — | Office of the President of the United States | 受賞 |
| 1963 | Bancroft Prize | Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision | — | Columbia University | 受賞 |
Presidential Medal of Freedom
1985
主催:
Office of the President of the United States
結果:
受賞
Bancroft Prize
1963
対象作品:
Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision
主催:
Columbia University
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision
1962年 military history / intelligence analysisA study of U.S. intelligence failures leading to the 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Based on hearings, memoirs, interviews, and published records, the book examines the difficulty of separating meaningful 'signals' from background 'noise' and the breakdowns in warning mechanisms.
signals vs. noise in intelligencewarning and decision makingorganizational causes of failure
Cuba and Pearl Harbor: Hindsight and Foresight
1965年 policy researchA RAND research memorandum extending perspectives from the Pearl Harbor study and discussing policy implications.
policy analysishistorical lessons
International Terrorism: Kidnapping to Win Friends and Influence People
1974年 security studiesAn analytical study of international terrorism and kidnapping as a tactic, discussing methods of terrorism and policy responses.
counter-terrorismpolicy responses
全著作
- Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (Stanford University Press, 1962)
- Cuba and Pearl Harbor: Hindsight and Foresight (RAND, 1965)
- International Terrorism: Kidnapping to Win Friends and Influence People (1974)
- Nuclear Heuristics: Selected Writings of Albert and Roberta Wohlstetter (ed., 2009)
作風・主題
- 文体
- empirical and analytical prosepolicy-oriented clear argumentationscholarly, source-driven approach
- 頻出モチーフ
- warning and decision problemsidentifying signals amid noiseanalysis of organizational and institutional factors
評価・遺産
Roberta Wohlstetter established foundational frameworks for modern intelligence analysis and warning systems through her Pearl Harbor research. She significantly influenced policymakers and the intelligence community and holds an important place in postwar security debates.
関連学会
- Council on Foreign Relations
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
資料所蔵先
- RAND Corporation archives
- Wohlstetter family related collections (various holdings)
大衆文化への影響
- Frequently cited in policy debates and discussions of intelligence failures after 9/11
引用
-
Roberta Wohlstetter, a generation ahead of her time, asserted her influence in areas dominated by and, in some cases, reserved for men... Her analysis of the problems of terrorism, intelligence, and warning ... broke new ground and opened new alternatives for policymakers.
出典: President Ronald Reagan (remarks at presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom) (1985年)
豆知識
- Married mathematician and strategist Albert Wohlstetter in 1939.
- Had one daughter, Joan Wohlstetter-Hall.
- Published the seminal study on Pearl Harbor in 1962 based on RAND research.
- Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985 (jointly with her husband).
- Her work influenced policymakers including Donald Rumsfeld and was revisited after 9/11 in debates about intelligence failures.