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第2回（1949年） Winner
Wallace Stevens
ウォレス・スティーヴンス
Wallace Stevens
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1879-10-02 （Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.）
- 死没
- 1955-08-02 （Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.） 75歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Lutheran (reported late-life conversion to Catholicism is disputed)
- 居住地歴
- Reading, Pennsylvania (birthplace) → Boston (Harvard years and early connections) → New York City (early career and law practice) → Hartford, Connecticut (long-term residence and workplace)
経歴
- 職業
- Poet, Lawyer, Insurance executive
- 活動期間
- 1914年〜1955年
- 所属
- Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company (The Hartford)
- 所属団体
- American Academy of Arts and Letters (member)
- 影響を受けた人物
- George Santayana, Friedrich Nietzsche (philosophical influence), Paul Klee (painter), Paul Cézanne (painter)
- 影響を与えた人物
- John Ashbery (poet), Charles Wright (poet), David Hockney (artist, inspired by Stevens)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harvard University (special student, non-degree) | — | — | — | 1897–1900（特別学生） | United States |
| New York Law School | — | Law | LLB | 1900–1903 | United States |
Harvard University (special student, non-degree)
期間:
1897–1900（特別学生）
国:
United States
Three-year special student; active with The Harvard Advocate.
New York Law School
Law
学位:
LLB
期間:
1900–1903
卒業年:
1903
国:
United States
Earned law degree (LLB).
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Bollingen Prize for Poetry | — | — | Yale University / Bollingen Prize committee | 受賞 |
| 1951 | National Book Award for Poetry | The Auroras of Autumn | 詩 | National Book Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1955 | National Book Award for Poetry | Collected Poems | 詩 | National Book Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1951 | Robert Frost Medal (Frost Medal) | — | — | Poetry Society of America | 受賞 |
| 1955 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | Collected Poems | 詩 | Pulitzer Prize committee | 受賞 |
Bollingen Prize for Poetry
1949
主催:
Yale University / Bollingen Prize committee
結果:
受賞
National Book Award for Poetry
1951
対象作品:
The Auroras of Autumn
部門:
詩
主催:
National Book Foundation
結果:
受賞
National Book Award for Poetry
1955
対象作品:
Collected Poems
部門:
詩
主催:
National Book Foundation
結果:
受賞
Robert Frost Medal (Frost Medal)
1951
主催:
Poetry Society of America
結果:
受賞
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
1955
対象作品:
Collected Poems
部門:
詩
主催:
Pulitzer Prize committee
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
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第36回（1955年） Winner
作品
代表作
Harmonium
1923年 Poetry (collection)Stevens's first major poetry collection containing many early signature poems that mix symbolic, imaginative imagery with philosophical reflections.
imagination vs. realitynatural imagerylanguage and order
The Idea of Order at Key West
1934年 PoemA poem set in Key West that meditates on how imagination orders reality; one of Stevens's signature longer poems.
imaginationorderart and reality
The Auroras of Autumn
1950年 Poetry (collection)An important late collection with many philosophical and meditative long poems exploring imagination and reality.
age and endingrole of imaginationnature and light
Collected Poems
1954年 Poetry (collected)Collection of Stevens's major poems; won the Pulitzer Prize in 1955.
imagination and realityreligious and philosophical inquiry
全著作
- Harmonium (1923; revised 1930)
- Ideas of Order (1936)
- Owl's Clover (1936)
- The Man with the Blue Guitar (1937)
- Parts of a World (1942)
- Transport to Summer (1947)
- The Auroras of Autumn (1950)
- The Necessary Angel: Essays on Reality and the Imagination (1951)
- Collected Poems (1954)
- Opus Posthumous (1957, posthumous)
翻案
- David Hockney's 'The Blue Guitar' etchings (1977) — inspired by Stevens's poem 'The Man with the Blue Guitar'
作品の翻訳
- Several poems have been translated into Japanese (various translators)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Modernist poetic stylePhilosophical, meditative, and often abstractRefined musicality and attention to form
- 頻出モチーフ
- tension between imagination and realitysea and light imagerymaker's rage / drive to orderself-reflexivity about art
健康
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Stomach cancer1955（晩年）Diagnosed and operated on in 1955; condition deteriorated and he died in August 1955.
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Obesity / corpulent figure生涯Maintained a large, corpulent figure; doctors sometimes placed him on medical diets.
評価・遺産
Wallace Stevens is regarded as one of the major American modernist poets of the 20th century. His philosophical examinations of imagination and reality and refined poetic technique have secured broad critical and scholarly attention and an enduring influence after his death.
記念館・博物館
- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (holds Wallace Stevens collections) New Haven, Connecticut (Yale University)
関連学会
- American Academy of Arts and Letters (member)
- The Wallace Stevens Society
資料所蔵先
- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
- Wallace Stevens Society archives
大衆文化への影響
- David Hockney's etchings 'The Blue Guitar' were inspired by Stevens's poem 'The Man with the Blue Guitar'.
- Honored on a U.S. postage stamp in 2012.
引用
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The poem must resist the intelligence — Almost successfully.
出典: Wallace Stevens (poem)
豆知識
- His wife Elsie may have been a model for sculptor Adolph Weinman; her profile has been linked to US coin designs.
- Anecdote of a physical altercation with Ernest Hemingway in Key West, in which Stevens reportedly injured his hand.
- He led a double life as an insurance executive by day and a poet in his spare time.
- Won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1955 for Collected Poems. A reported deathbed conversion to Catholicism shortly before his death is disputed.