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Walter Lippmann

ウォルター・リップマン

Uorutā Rippuman

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1889-09-23 （New York City, U.S.）
死没
1974-12-14 （New York City, U.S.） 85歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
宗教
Reform Judaism
居住地歴
New York City, U.S. → Washington, D.C., U.S.

経歴

職業
writer, journalist, political commentator
活動期間
1911年〜1971年
所属
The New Republic (founding editor), The Washington Post (columnist/contributor), Harvard University (associated with Nieman Foundation for Journalism)
所属団体
American Philosophical Society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
影響を受けた人物
George Santayana, William James, Graham Wallas
影響を与えた人物
James W. Carey (influence on media studies), Michael Schudson (communication studies), Scholars associated with the Almond–Lippmann consensus

学歴

Harvard University
Philosophy and languages
学位: AB
期間: 1906–1911
卒業年: 1911
国: United States
Wrote for The Harvard Advocate; member of Phi Beta Kappa; concentrated on philosophy and languages.

受賞歴

Pulitzer Prize (Special Citation)
1958
対象作品: Syndicated newspaper column 'Today and Tomorrow' and general journalistic contributions
主催: Pulitzer Prizes
結果: 受賞
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting
1962
対象作品: 1961 interview with Nikita Khrushchev
部門: 国際報道
主催: Pulitzer Prizes
結果: 受賞
Presidential Medal of Freedom
1964
対象作品: Long and distinguished contribution to journalism and public commentary
主催: President of the United States
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Public Opinion

1922年 political/social criticism 320ページ

Analyzes the formation of public opinion and the shortcomings of mass perception; argues for the role of experts in interpreting complex realities and introduces the modern sense of 'stereotype'.

media criticismpublic opinionrole of experts

The Phantom Public

1925年 political/social criticism 200ページ

Examines the limits of public participation and argues that a coherent 'public' is often illusory.

critique of democracypublicness

The Cold War

1947年 international relations / political commentary 256ページ

Popularized the term 'Cold War' and analyzed the post–World War II international political landscape.

international politicssecuritygeopolitics

The Good Society

1937年 political philosophy / social theory 300ページ

Discusses the relationship between modern society and liberty, proposing ideas for a better social order.

liberalismsocial design

全著作

  • A Preface to Politics (1913)
  • Drift and Mastery (1914)
  • Liberty and the News (1920)
  • Public Opinion (1922)
  • The Phantom Public (1925)
  • The Cold War (1947)
  • Essays in the Public Philosophy (1955)

作風・主題

文体
analytical and essayisticessay style with philosophical implications
頻出モチーフ
limits of public opinionexperts and governancemedia criticism

健康

  • cardiac arrest (cause of death)
    1974-12
    Died of cardiac arrest in 1974

評価・遺産

Regarded as one of the most influential journalists of the 20th century; provided key concepts and critical methods for media studies and public discourse. 'Public Opinion' is considered foundational in modern media studies.

記念館・博物館

  • Walter Lippmann House (associated with the Nieman Foundation) Harvard University campus

関連学会

  • American Philosophical Society
  • American Academy of Arts and Sciences

資料所蔵先

  • Walter Lippmann Papers (Yale University Library)
  • Robert O. Anthony Collection of Walter Lippmann (Yale University Library)

大衆文化への影響

  • Often referred to as 'Father of Modern Journalism'
  • Writings on the Cold War and his columns are frequently cited in textbooks and media studies

引用

  • The function of news is to signalize an event; the function of truth is to bring to light the hidden facts, to set them in relation with each other, and make a picture of reality on which men can act.
    出典: Public Opinion (1922) (1922年)
  • I call the notion of a public competent to direct public affairs a 'false ideal.'
    出典: Public Opinion (1922) (1922年)

豆知識

  • One of the early users of 'stereotype' in the modern psychological sense
  • Won Pulitzer Prizes in 1958 (Special Citation) and 1962 (International Reporting)
  • Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964