-
Edition 48 (1983) Winner
-
Edition 77 (2012) Special Award
-
Edition 78 (2013) Special Award
Wole Soyinka
ウォレ・ソインカ
Wole Soyinka
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1934-07-13 (Abeokuta, British Nigeria (Ake))
- Nationality
- Nigerian
- Languages
- English, Yoruba
- Religion
- Born into an Anglican family; later described himself as not needing religion
- Residence History
- Abeokuta (Ake), Nigeria → Ibadan, Nigeria → Leeds, United Kingdom (study) → London, United Kingdom → Ife (Obafemi Awolowo University), Nigeria → Abu Dhabi (NYU Abu Dhabi, faculty) → United States (various teaching appointments)
Career
- Occupations
- playwright, poet, novelist, essayist, academic
- Active Years
- 1954-
- Affiliations
- Pyrate Confraternity / National Association of Seadogs (co-founder), Obafemi Awolowo University (Professor of Comparative Literature), Cornell University (Professor), New York University Abu Dhabi (Arts Professor of Theatre)
- Memberships
- International Parliament of Writers (President, 1997–2000), UNESCO (Goodwill Ambassador), Humanists UK (patron)
- Influenced By
- Yoruba oral tradition, religion and ritual, Greek tragedy (e.g. Euripides), Modern theatre (e.g. Bertolt Brecht), Earlier Nigerian writers (e.g. D. O. Fagunwa)
- Influenced
- Subsequent generations of African writers and dramatists, Playwrights and political satirists across Africa and the diaspora
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Peter's Primary School | — | — | — | 1940–1946 | Nigeria |
| Abeokuta Grammar School | — | — | — | 中等教育(1946–1951) | Nigeria |
| Government College, Ibadan (university preparatory) | — | — | — | 1946–1951 | Nigeria |
| University College Ibadan | English literature | English, Greek, Western history | — | 1952–1954 | Nigeria (then affiliated to University of London) |
| University of Leeds | English literature | — | MA | 1954–1958 | United Kingdom |
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | Nobel Prize in Literature | — | — | The Swedish Academy (Nobel Committee) | 受賞 |
| 1983 | Anisfield-Wolf Book Award | Aké: The Years of Childhood | — | Anisfield-Wolf Award | 受賞 |
| 2013 | Anisfield-Wolf Book Award | — | — | Anisfield-Wolf Award | 受賞 |
| 2017 | Europe Theatre Prize (Special Prize) | — | Special Prize | Europe Theatre Prize Foundation | 受賞 |
| 2014 | International Humanist Award | — | — | International Humanist and Ethical Union / Humanists UK | 受賞 |
| 2024 | Haydée Santamaría medal | — | — | Government of Cuba | 受賞 |
| — | National honours (e.g. Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic; GCON) | — | — | Government of Nigeria | 授与 |
Awards & Nominations
-
Edition 79 (1986) Winner
-
Edition 0 (2005) Winner
Works
Major Works
The Swamp Dwellers
1958 play (comic/social drama)An early play exploring the clash between tradition and modernity in Nigerian society, treated with satirical elements.
The Lion and the Jewel
1959 play (comedy)Set in a Nigerian village, it humorously dramatizes the conflict between traditional values and modern influences.
The Interpreters
1965 novelA novel about urban Nigerian intellectuals, exploring tensions between the nation and the individual.
Season of Anomy
1973 novelA novel that addresses political chaos and moral collapse in post-independence Africa.
Death and the King's Horseman
1975 play (tragedy)A play about the clash between Yoruba ritual obligations and colonial/modern legal systems, focusing on duty and external interference.
- [film] Elesin Oba, The King's Horseman / Biyi Bandele (2022)
Aké: The Years of Childhood
1981 memoir/autobiographyAn autobiographical account of Soyinka's childhood, portraying family and social contexts.
Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth
2021 novel (satire)A recent major novel offering a brutal satire on power and corruption in Nigeria.
Bibliography
- Extensive bibliography including plays, poetry collections, novels and memoirs
Adaptations
- Death and the King's Horseman → Elesin Oba (film, 2022)
Translations of Works
- Many works translated into other languages (French, Spanish, Yoruba, etc.)
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- satiricalmythic and ritual elementspoetic diction in prose and dialogue
- Recurring Motifs
- conflict between tradition and modernitypower and corruptionidentity and ethnicity
Legacy
Wole Soyinka is one of Africa's preeminent dramatists, poets and intellectuals, and became the first African Nobel laureate in Literature in 1986. His works reflect Nigerian history, culture and politics and have had international impact through theatre and literature. He is widely honoured by academic and cultural institutions and has influenced multiple generations.
Museums
- Wole Soyinka Theatre (renamed arts theatre at University of Ibadan) Ibadan, Nigeria Opened in 2018
- Wole Soyinka Centre for Culture and Creative Arts (renamed National Theatre, Nigeria) Lagos, Nigeria (National Theatre) Opened in 2025
Academic Societies
- Obafemi Awolowo University (Comparative Literature)
- International Parliament of Writers (IPW)
Archives
- Wole Soyinka papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University
In Popular Culture
- Numerous stage revivals and film adaptations (e.g. Elesin Oba international screenings)
- Wole Soyinka Annual Lecture Series
Quotes
-
This Past Must Address Its Present (theme of his Nobel acceptance speech)
Source: Nobel Prize acceptance speech (1986) (1986)
Trivia
- First African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1986).
- Co-founded the Pyrate Confraternity (National Association of Seadogs) while a student.
- Was detained for about 22 months during the Nigerian civil war (1967–1969).