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Wole Soyinka

ウォレ・ソインカ

Wole Soyinka

Aliases: Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka

Profile

Gender
Male
Born
1934-07-13 (Abeokuta, British Nigeria (Ake))
Nationality
Nigerian
Languages
English, Yoruba
Religion
Born into an Anglican family; later described himself as not needing religion
Residence History
Abeokuta (Ake), Nigeria → Ibadan, Nigeria → Leeds, United Kingdom (study) → London, United Kingdom → Ife (Obafemi Awolowo University), Nigeria → Abu Dhabi (NYU Abu Dhabi, faculty) → United States (various teaching appointments)

Career

Occupations
playwright, poet, novelist, essayist, academic
Active Years
1954-
Affiliations
Pyrate Confraternity / National Association of Seadogs (co-founder), Obafemi Awolowo University (Professor of Comparative Literature), Cornell University (Professor), New York University Abu Dhabi (Arts Professor of Theatre)
Memberships
International Parliament of Writers (President, 1997–2000), UNESCO (Goodwill Ambassador), Humanists UK (patron)
Influenced By
Yoruba oral tradition, religion and ritual, Greek tragedy (e.g. Euripides), Modern theatre (e.g. Bertolt Brecht), Earlier Nigerian writers (e.g. D. O. Fagunwa)
Influenced
Subsequent generations of African writers and dramatists, Playwrights and political satirists across Africa and the diaspora

Education

St. Peter's Primary School
Period: 1940–1946
Country: Nigeria
Primary education; his father was the headmaster
Abeokuta Grammar School
Period: 中等教育(1946–1951)
Country: Nigeria
Completed secondary education
Government College, Ibadan (university preparatory)
Period: 1946–1951
Country: Nigeria
University preparatory studies
University College Ibadan
English literature / English, Greek, Western history
Period: 1952–1954
Year of Graduation: 1954
Country: Nigeria (then affiliated to University of London)
Undergraduate studies; later completed further study at Leeds
University of Leeds
English literature
Degree: MA
Period: 1954–1958
Year of Graduation: 1958
Country: United Kingdom
Completed postgraduate study; edited the university magazine The Eagle

Awards

Nobel Prize in Literature
1986
Organization: The Swedish Academy (Nobel Committee)
Result: 受賞
Anisfield-Wolf Book Award
1983
Work: Aké: The Years of Childhood
Organization: Anisfield-Wolf Award
Result: 受賞
Anisfield-Wolf Book Award
2013
Organization: Anisfield-Wolf Award
Result: 受賞
Europe Theatre Prize (Special Prize)
2017
Category: Special Prize
Organization: Europe Theatre Prize Foundation
Result: 受賞
International Humanist Award
2014
Organization: International Humanist and Ethical Union / Humanists UK
Result: 受賞
Haydée Santamaría medal
2024
Organization: Government of Cuba
Result: 受賞
National honours (e.g. Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic; GCON)
Organization: Government of Nigeria
Result: 授与

Awards & Nominations

Works

Major Works

The Swamp Dwellers

1958 play (comic/social drama)

An early play exploring the clash between tradition and modernity in Nigerian society, treated with satirical elements.

tradition vs. modernitysocial criticism

The Lion and the Jewel

1959 play (comedy)

Set in a Nigerian village, it humorously dramatizes the conflict between traditional values and modern influences.

traditionmodernizationgender and power

The Interpreters

1965 novel

A novel about urban Nigerian intellectuals, exploring tensions between the nation and the individual.

intellectualspoliticsidentity

Season of Anomy

1973 novel

A novel that addresses political chaos and moral collapse in post-independence Africa.

corruptionpower struggles

Death and the King's Horseman

1975 play (tragedy)

A play about the clash between Yoruba ritual obligations and colonial/modern legal systems, focusing on duty and external interference.

ritualcultural clashresponsibility
Adaptations
  • [film] Elesin Oba, The King's Horseman / Biyi Bandele (2022)

Aké: The Years of Childhood

1981 memoir/autobiography

An autobiographical account of Soyinka's childhood, portraying family and social contexts.

memoryfamily historyculture

Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth

2021 novel (satire)

A recent major novel offering a brutal satire on power and corruption in Nigeria.

satirecorruptionpolitics

Bibliography

  • Extensive bibliography including plays, poetry collections, novels and memoirs

Adaptations

  • Death and the King's Horseman → Elesin Oba (film, 2022)

Translations of Works

  • Many works translated into other languages (French, Spanish, Yoruba, etc.)

Style & Themes

Literary Style
satiricalmythic and ritual elementspoetic diction in prose and dialogue
Recurring Motifs
conflict between tradition and modernitypower and corruptionidentity and ethnicity

Legacy

Wole Soyinka is one of Africa's preeminent dramatists, poets and intellectuals, and became the first African Nobel laureate in Literature in 1986. His works reflect Nigerian history, culture and politics and have had international impact through theatre and literature. He is widely honoured by academic and cultural institutions and has influenced multiple generations.

Museums

  • Wole Soyinka Theatre (renamed arts theatre at University of Ibadan) Ibadan, Nigeria Opened in 2018
  • Wole Soyinka Centre for Culture and Creative Arts (renamed National Theatre, Nigeria) Lagos, Nigeria (National Theatre) Opened in 2025

Academic Societies

  • Obafemi Awolowo University (Comparative Literature)
  • International Parliament of Writers (IPW)

Archives

  • Wole Soyinka papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University

In Popular Culture

  • Numerous stage revivals and film adaptations (e.g. Elesin Oba international screenings)
  • Wole Soyinka Annual Lecture Series

Quotes

  • This Past Must Address Its Present (theme of his Nobel acceptance speech)
    Source: Nobel Prize acceptance speech (1986) (1986)

Trivia

  • First African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1986).
  • Co-founded the Pyrate Confraternity (National Association of Seadogs) while a student.
  • Was detained for about 22 months during the Nigerian civil war (1967–1969).