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The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark

Los Angeles Times Book Prize

The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark

Carl Sagan

A clear, accessible guide to scientific skepticism as a practical tool for everyday judgment. It presents an approach to pseudoscience and superstition in an inviting, conversational voice.

scienceskepticismpseudosciencegeneral nonfiction

Work Information

It connects trust in science to the choices people make every day.

This popular-science nonfiction explains scientific thinking in a form accessible to non-specialists. It uses concrete examples to show why doubt matters and how claims should be tested.

Book Information

Publisher
Ballantine Books
Published
1997-02-25
Pages
480 pages
Language
英語
Size
13.92 x 2.21 x 20.93 cm
ISBN-13
9780345409461
ISBN-10
0345409469
Price
3667 JPY
Category
洋書/Education & Reference/Encyclopedias/Mythology & Folklore

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the renowned astronomer and author of Cosmos comes a “powerful [and] stirring defense of informed rationality” ( The Washington Post Book World ) in a world where fake news stories and Internet conspiracy theories play to a disaffected American populace. LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZE WINNER • “Glorious . . . A spirited defense of science . . . From the first page to the last, this book is a manifesto for clear thought.”— Los Angeles Times How can we make intelligent decisions about our increasingly technology-driven lives if we don’t understand the difference between the myths of pseudoscience, New Age thinking, and fundamentalist zealotry and the testable hypotheses of science? Casting a wide net through history and culture, Pulitzer Prize–winning author and distinguished astronomer Carl Sagan argues that scientific thinking is critical not only to the pursuit of truth but to the very well-being of our democratic institutions. He examines and authoritatively debunks such celebrated fallacies as witchcraft, faith healings, demons, and UFOs. And yet, disturbingly, in today’s so-called information age, pseudoscience is burgeoning, with stories of alien abduction, “channeling” past lives, and communal hallucinations commanding growing attention and respect. As Sagan demonstrates with lucid eloquence, the siren song of unreason is not just a cultural wrong turn but a dangerous plunge into darkness that threatens our most basic freedoms.

Carl Sagan served as the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University. He played a leading role in the Mariner, Viking, Voyager, and Galileo spacecraft expeditions, for which he received the NASA Medals for Exceptional Scientific Achievement and (twice) for Distinguished Public Service. His Emmy- and Peabody–winning television series, Cosmos, became the most widely watched series in the history of American public television. The accompanying book, also called Cosmos, is one of the bestselling science books ever published in the English language. Dr. Sagan received the Pulitzer Prize, the Oersted Medal, and many other awards—including twenty honorary degrees from American colleges and universities—for his contributions to science, literature, education, and the preservation of the environment. In their posthumous award to Dr. Sagan of their highest honor, the National Science Foundation declared that his “research transformed planetary science . . . his gifts to mankind were infinite." Dr. Sagan died on December 20, 1996.

Reviews

  • Very good!

    I enjoyed it a lot.

  • Clearly presented

    A very clear presentation of the necessity of science for our species.

  • 氏が亡くなったことを本当に残念に思うほど刺激を受けました

    本書を手に取ったのは英語の勉強のためだったが、何であれ、読むことになってよかったと思う。非常に読み応えがあった。 えんえんと続く似非科学バッシングはともかくとして(ちなみに邦題は「人はなぜエセ科学に騙されるのか」)、 現代の社会--とりわけ情報ネットワークで諸共につながれてしまった以上、 世界中余すところなくすべての国家--にとって、科学技術の重要性はどんなに強調してもしすぎることはないということ、 それはすべての人の生活に直結し、またそれだけに、一人一人の正しい知識と認識とが国家の政策決定さえ左右するということ。 私自身の意識・判断はどうか、思わず考えさせられた。 しかし・・・(科学技術を)あるべき姿に導くのは、ただ科学者のモラルだろうか? 一人一人の「正しい」知識と認識だろうか? 本当に「科学」とはセーガンのいうような姿をしており、「事実」は「誰の目にも」明らかなのだろうか? 「正しい」ことはそんなにも確かなのだろうか?・・・そんな疑問をぬぐえなかったのも確かである。 邦題の問いに対し、セーガンの答えはこうだ。懐疑主義や批判的思考が足りないから。軽信性が過ぎるから。 でも問題は、なぜ人は、「つい」信じてしまうのか。なぜ正しい知識、冷静な判断、批判的思考を欠いてしまうのか、そこではないだろうか。 そんな疑問を著者にぶつけてみたかったし、本書から数年たった今の考えを聞いてみたかった。が、著者はすでに亡くなっている。 それを本当に残念に思うほど本書は読み応えがあり、多いに刺激を受けた。

  • Not so nice edition

    It is a good book, but I was expecting much better hardcover quality: paper quality is poor and the size of the font is too small.

  • 私はこの本に一つ星か、はたまた五つ星をつけるか迷う

    五つ星:科学の常識に従うと、いかにこの世にいかがわしい説・話が多いかがわかる。ただし、科学の常識に従うことがいつも「いかがわしい説・話」の真偽の判断に適用できるとした場合である。 一つ星:「いかがわしい説・話」の中には、「科学的に説明できないケース(Unexplained Cases)」もあり得るはずだが、例えばUFOがその一つ、にもかかわらずこれを科学的に排除できるとするのは、「科学者のうぬぼれ」に過ぎなく、これでは科学の健全な進歩は望めなく、「Candle in the Dark(暗闇を照らすキャンドル)」になりえなくなる。従って一つ星。また、この時点で誰も一つ星がいないので、最初の一つ星にした。 さて、この本に何が書かれているかは、この時点での34件のレビューを参照されたい。私がこの本の原書を読んだのは10年以上昔でした。ある洋書を検索し発注した折に、よく覚えているこの本のカバーが「ご推薦ですよ」と出てきて、なんと34件のレビューがあるというので、レビューの内容に興味を持ちました。さすがにすべて「常識的」レビューでした。したがって、私は非「常識的」レビューを書きます。 最近、ジャーナリストSteven Volkが「Fringe-ology(2011)」という本(321 p.)をHarperOneから出版しました。いずれ翻訳されるでしょう(「非主流学」というタイトルになるかも)。この本でも、 (1) Paranormal events such as NDE, OBE, (2) Consciousness, explained or yet-to-be explained & a scientist’s thought about afterlife, (3) UFO, (4) Haunted house, (5) Lucid dream, (6) And more などのテーマが論じられており、例えば、UFOの話は、2008年1月テキサスのStephenville(酪農業の村)で多くの人がほぼ同時に複数のUFOの飛来を目撃し、CNNなどのニュースメディアでも取り上げられ、話題になった話です。さて、カール・セイガンのこの本の「教育効果」はたいへんなもので、このUFOの目撃者のほとんど全員が取材にきたニュースメディアには口をつぐんで何も話しません。話をした僅かの人々は、それを後悔している有様です。Steven Volk自身も取材にたいへん苦労した様子を書いています。理由は明確で、UFOの目撃経験を話すと、馬鹿にされるからです。私はセイガンの本に、Steven Volkの本に書いたレビューから以下を引用して、レビューとします: Carl Sagan stated several times in his book, “The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1996),” the following essential: “One of the reasons for its success is that science has built-in, error correcting machinery at its very heart.” And the “built-in, error correcting machinery” may include the following mind-set: “Unexplained cases are simply unexplained. They can never constitute evidence for any hypothesis (John A. Wheeler, 1979).” This may be a secure, wise way of thinking for a scientist not to jeopardize his/her career as a mainstream scientist. However, this mind-set is in conflict with the spirit of scientific research. (以下翻訳): カール・セイガンは「The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1996)」の中で、次のことを何度か繰り返しています。「科学が成功裏に進歩してきたその理由の一つは、科学の心の中には、間違いを修正する機械的機能が備えられているからです。」この「間違いを修正する機械的機能」の中には、次のような「思考・判断の態度(mind-set)」も含まれているのかもしれない。「説明できないケースは、単に説明できないだけで、それらを集めたとしても何の仮説を提案する根拠にもなり得ないのです(John A. Wheeler, 1979)。」(John Wheelerは最近亡くなった米国の物理学者で、Black Holeは彼の造語です。)この考えは、科学者が「説明できないこと」に関わって、主流の科学者としての立場を危険にさらさないための、安全な、賢い思考・判断の態度といえるでしょう。しかし、この態度は科学研究の精神に反するものです。(翻訳終わり) 「説明できないこと」に関わって、主流の科学者としての立場を自ら危険にさらした科学者の典型に、ノーベル賞(1973年)物理学者Brian Josephson (現71歳)がしばしば挙げられます(彼は、テレパシーや念力を未だ「説明できないこと」とし、物理学はこれを説明できない限り不完全だと断言しています)。もちろん彼一人ではなく、多くの著名な科学者がいます。 私は、Steven Volkの上記の本のカスタマーレビューの最後に、天文学者セイガンが生前、目の敵にした「UFO逸話」に関して以下の趣旨を書きました: 米国の女性作家・詩人でトランスチャンネラー(trance channeler)にJane Roberts (1929-1984)があり、彼女が21年間にわたってチャネリングした膨大なSeth Material (セスと自称する別次元のパーソナリティーがJane Robertsを通して語ったとされる資料。すべて出版されており現在も最新版が入手可能)の中で、この資料はUFOにかんして概略以下のように説明しています。「UFOは外部宇宙空間のどこからかやって来るのではなく、内部宇宙から、即ち、あなたたちの物理次元とは別の次元からやって来ているのです(つまりUFOピープルは異次元間を渡る技術を持っている)。それは、ちょうどあなたたちが毎夜夢の中で別の世界へ出かけるのと似ています。しかし、UFOはあなたたちの物理法則には従えず、彼らの法則に従います。従って、あなたたちの次元へ入ると彼らはトラブルの状態に置かれます。彼らは決してあなたたちの次元に無制限に、トラブルなしに留まることはできないでしょう。」(UFOに関するSeth Materialは、例えば、唯一(?)日本語訳のある「セスは語る」の付録の部分にあります。) このような説明は、現在の我々の科学ではできません。だからといって、著名な天文学者といえど、UFOを目撃したなどと話す人たちを馬鹿にできるでしょうか??? あなたの常識的判断は?

  • Interesting, compelling, beautifully written and even more actual now if possible

  • I sit before my computer, typing out a review of what is my favorite book. I’m daunted by the magnitude of this task, having just finished the book for the fourth or maybe fifth time. I wish I could remember when I bought this book, likely close to a decade ago, but I’m sure that I must have been awestruck to discover a book written by a man who has influenced my life and my interests to such a great extent. One of the great memories of my early life was that of waiting to plop down in front of the TV set for a few Sunday nights in 1980, as our PBS station aired a thirteen part series called Cosmos. Accompanied at the TV by my mom and grandmother, Cosmos captured my imagination in ways that will last my whole life. It was a series not merely discussing outer space, but in fact, it addressed the history of humanity’s understanding of our place in the world, the universe, and in life. Why is the memory of a TV show so incredibly dear to me? I could say that the show opened my mind to concepts and philosophies and possibilities that I never imagined, and that’d be a fair and true statement. What really makes the series so pivotal in my life, though, is that I shared such a formative experience with my mom and my grandmother; two people to whom I owe my life, my intelligence, and, hopefully without too much hyperbole, my essential spirit. At the age of nine, it’s not very likely to imagine that I would have planted myself in front of a television tuned to PBS on a Sunday evening, but the patient guidance and love of my mom and grandmother gave me the gift of knowledge and wonder. Needless to say, I’ve always been partial to the works of Dr. Carl Sagan. Demon Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark is the first work of Dr. Sagan’s that I’ve read as an adult and in the many years I’ve owned this book, I’ve read it at least four times. Why re-read a book so often? The answer is found in my reverence of the book’s message, its point, and its passion. Not only have I read it often, but I have made an irregularly observed tradition to start each new year with a fresh reading. At least three times, I’ve picked the book up within hours of watching the ball drop in Times Square, heralding in the new year. Many who know me, already know this is my favorite book, but I’m deeply challenged when I’m asked what the book is about, and several paragraphs into my review, I’m probably overdue in attempting to answer this exact question. In this book, Dr. Carl Sagan tackles one of the key problems facing our time, as well as repeated throughout the history of our civilization, and that is the propensity for humanity to delve into our darkest superstitions and most bleak behaviors when our knowledge or ego is challenged. It seems that throughout the history of our species, we’ve turned our backs on critical thought and skepticism at times when those with claims to power and zealotry and wealth have found it advantageous and profitable to subvert the masses. Why discuss witch burnings and crop circles and claims of government coverups of alien abductions from 50 years ago? The answer lies in the here and now. At a time when every facet of our daily lives revolves around technology; when each and every human being lives under the threat of annihilation by nuclear weapons; when communications are global but subject to being monitored in violation of the founding documents of our nation (granted this is a problem that would occur years after Sagan’s death, yet it’s exactly the type of behavior Sagan speaks of), we find that critical thought wanes in the population of our own nation, not to mention that of the entire world. Credulity and old habits creep into our consciousness. Our world, our freedoms, and our lives come under attack. Go to the movies and watch ghosts haunt a house or watch the undead torment campers in the woods. Turn on the TV, and you’re likely to find tales of alien spacecraft being hidden by the government. You’re equally likely to channel surf past a shopping network selling new age crystals. But where on broadcast television are you likely to find a substantive debate on issues of education or technology? Where do you see educational programming talking about the technology that engulfs our very lives? As Sagan points out, imagine the irony that kids can watch a cartoon about a prehistoric family with a dinosaur for a pet (I actually protest... I enjoyed the Flintstones!), but may never have the opportunity to watch a show about the invention or technology of television, itself! At what cost to our freedoms, will we accept great claims without great proof? What decisions do we as a world culture need to make to grow and prosper and what can we learn from our history, replete with credulity and domination and fear mongering? Should we shrink from the challenges of education and critical thinking, what price will we pay? Will it be our personal or national economic stability? Will we see our freedoms curtailed (as if we haven’t witnessed that already)? Or will we pay with the extinction of our species? The thesis as I understand it, of this book is that we, as a culture and society, may be repeating a common mistake of our history: accepting a diminution of our critical thinking skills at our own distinct peril. Because of the threats we face though, this time we stand at these crossroads at possibly the least opportune of times. Throughout history, those in power or those who seek it, have abused our fears and used them to control the masses to their own advantage or profit. This book begs to serve as a wake up call to anyone willing to accept the challenge not only to read it, but to deeply ponder each of its points and positions. It offers the methods of critical thought as the grand lighthouse by which we can safely steer our course through the treacherous times and malevolent forces we face. Dr. Sagan, true to the book’s title, offers the methods of science as a candle in the darkness in men’s souls. This book occupies a special place in my life, as I’ve stated. I believe that this is a book of such enormous importance, that it should be required reading in every senior level high school class in the country. It may not be comfortable reading, and Dr. Sagan wrote on an astronomically high reading level (forgive the pun, as Dr. Sagan was of course a world renown astronomer) that it may take weeks or months to fully drink in the material, but the discussion that Dr. Sagan presented are vital. The arguments he presents are vital to our intellect, our freedom, and to our humanity. For making me think and contemplate, reading after reading, this book scores five stars.

  • Muy buen producto

  • Excellent. Dommage que ce livre n'ait pas été traduit en français.

  • Très satisfaite de ce produit. C'était un cadeau d'anniversaire qui selon ses dires et sans lus aucuns doute à fait un heureux.

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