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Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time

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Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time

Dava Sobel

Dava Sobel's nonfiction book tells the history of the longitude problem in science and navigation. It traces eighteenth-century efforts to solve it and shows how John Harrison's marine chronometer transformed seafaring.

history of sciencenavigationinventiontechnology history

Work Information

One invention changed the way the sea could be understood.

Longitude focuses on the longitude problem that reshaped the history of navigation and turns a long process of trial and error into a readable narrative. Because biography and technical history intersect so naturally, it also works well as an introduction to the history of science.

Book Information

Publisher
Bloomsbury USA
Published
2007-11-01
Pages
208 pages
Language
英語
Size
11.81 x 1.52 x 18.42 cm
ISBN-13
9780802715296
ISBN-10
0007790163
Price
3101 JPY
Category
洋書/Biographies & Memoirs/Professionals & Academics

The dramatic human story of an epic scientific quest and of one man's forty-year obsession to find a solution to the thorniest scientific dilemma of the day--"the longitude problem." Anyone alive in the eighteenth century would have known that "the longitude problem" was the thorniest scientific dilemma of the day-and had been for centuries. Lacking the ability to measure their longitude, sailors throughout the great ages of exploration had been literally lost at sea as soon as they lost sight of land. Thousands of lives and the increasing fortunes of nations hung on a resolution. One man, John Harrison, in complete opposition to the scientific community, dared to imagine a mechanical solution-a clock that would keep precise time at sea, something no clock had ever been able to do on land. Longitude is the dramatic human story of an epic scientific quest and of Harrison's forty-year obsession with building his perfect timekeeper, known today as the chronometer. Full of heroism and chicanery, it is also a fascinating brief history of astronomy, navigation, and clockmaking, and opens a new window on our world.

Dava Sobel (born June 15, 1947) is the author of Longitude, Galileo's Daughter, The Planets, and most recently A More Perfect Heaven: How Copernicus Revolutionized the Cosmos . A former staff science reporter for The New York Times, she has also written for numerous magazines, including Discover, Harvard Magazine, Smithsonian, and The New Yorker . Her most unforgettable assignment at the Times required her to live 25 days as a research subject in the chronophysiology lab at Montefiore Hospital, where the boarded-up windows and specially trained technicians kept her from knowing whether it was day outside or night. Her work has won recognition from the National Science Board, which gave her its 2001 Individual Public Service Award "for fostering awareness of science and technology among broad segments of the general public." She also received the 2004 Harrison Medal from the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers in England and the 2008 Klumpke-Roberts Award from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for "increasing the public understanding and appreciation of astronomy." A 1964 graduate of the Bronx High School of Science, she has taught several seminars in science writing at the university level, and looks forward to a two-year residency at Smith College beginning in fall 2013.

Reviews

  • 東西の移動を可能にした職人の話

    緯度と経度。気にかけないと、どっちがどっちか分からなくなりそうな2つの概念だが、その歴史は大きく異なる。 緯度が分かれば南北の移動を確定することができ、北半球では北極星を起点にすることで測定が可能であり、ギリシャ時代からその方法が知られている。一方の経度は、東西の移動を確定するのに必要だが、長いことその正確な方法が確立できなかった。 長いこととは、実に18世紀の中頃である。東西のどこにいるか、場所が分かるというのは航海には文字通り死活問題であり、イギリス政府は1714年には今日の金額で数億円にも及ぶ報奨金を提示した上で、その解決を図っている。その果実は航海技術を駆使して巨大な植民地を有するに至った大英帝国につながるわけで、その影響は計り知れない。 主人公である寡黙なヨークシャーの職人であるJohn Harrisonは、経度の測定に精密な時計を作ることで解決を目指した。これは技術的な解決である。正確な時計があれば、現地で太陽の最高高度の時間を測り、これでイギリス時間との差異を出す。差異は、角度として経度で表され、これをもとに東西の距離も計算することが出来る。 しかし、イギリスのアカデミアにとって、職人の技術はエレガントではない。科学者にとっては月の動きを観測して、経度を算出するといった理論的な方法が正しい方法であり、Harrisonにすんなりとオッケーは出さない。しかし、彼らの承認なしには、報奨金も国家の認定という栄誉もないのだ。 有名な1760年〜70年のクック船長の航海までも幾度のトライアルが行われ、精密な時計という技術的な解決は最終的には認められることになるが、当初の試作品H-1からはすでに何十年もの年月が過ぎていくのである。 本書の副題には、時代の難問を解決した孤高の天才の実話とあり、この範囲では非常に面白い。ただし、正確な時間の測定と場所の測定という話は、原理は同様のまま今日まで続き、今やGPSにより携帯電話から場所が簡単に把握出来ている。時計は原子時計になり、時間の差異の比較のため、衛星間で異なる時間が流れるのをアインシュタインの相対性理論で調整する。これも一つの魅力的なサイエンスストーリーであり、本題が「経度」とあるとやはりここまで書いてないと物足りない。本書の出版からGPSの大衆化までラグがあるため、後出しジャンケンのようではあるが、今日までの繋がりまでも読みたかったという点で、星4個としたい。

  • In praise of the individual

    His a short book which in a novelist's hands would be more dramatic and engaging but then less factual. Dava Sobel writes simply and clearly about the creation of an astoundingly original, complex and accurate clock by a man with no formal training and no social or monetary privilage. I enjoyed it immensely.

  • good book

    Good book for knowledge about chronometer and longitude history!

  • Ótimo também para leigos

    Como leigo no assunto, adorei a leitura e o aprendizado. Li o livro em 3 dias, no original em inglês.

  • Tick Tock

    The epic story on the search for the holy grail of maritime navigation, how to calculate longitude? This is the story and the unlikely triumph of an English genius who more or less solved the age old problem of obtaining accurate longitude position fixes by the use of chronometers. Anyone alive in the 18th century would have known that 'the longitude problem' was the thorniest scientific dilemma of the day and had been for centuries. Lacking the ability to measure their longitude, sailors throughout the great ages of exploration had been literally lost at sea as soon as they lost sight of land. Thousands of lives, and the increasing fortunes of nations, hung on a resolution. The quest for a solution had occupied scientists and their patrons for the better part of two centuries when, in 1714, Parliament upped the ante by offering a king's ransom (GBP20,000) to anyone whose method or device proved successful. It is amazing to think that some highly intelligent individuals came out with some of the most preposterous suggestions imaginable. However in the main the intellects of the day were on the right path. Galileo, Sir Isaac Newton and most of the European scientific community had mapped the heavens in both hemispheres in their dogmatic pursuit of a celestial answer to the problem. In stark contrast, one man, John Harrison, dared to imagine a mechanical solution by using chronometers. He designs and constructs the most amazing time pieces of the era in his quest for accuracy and sets out on a series of sea trials to prove his point. This he eventually did but it took over two decades and more than a few arguments with the governments of the day. A detailed, descriptive read full of interesting facts and features which basically is a concise historical narrative on astronomy, navigation and clock making. Without sounding like an 'anorak' I found the descriptions on clock making and testing really interesting. A very interesting single sitting read!

  • What a Historical thriller

    This book is really heart touching historic thriller, a great deal of scientific events happened during ancient times were explained beautifully by the author. I am very thankful to the author for this valuable gift, and this book is must read one.

  • Spannend und interessant

    Spannend und interessant

  • Great book. Makes you understand both the importance and difficulty of Longitud.

    I enjoy learning more than facts about the main story. It teaches how human passions determine many outcomes of life. In addition, it is a pleasure to learn her rich English vocabulary.

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