Edgar Allan Poe Awards
1 appearances
-
Edition 0 (1973) Winner
Alfred Hitchcock
アルフレッド・ヒッチコック
Alfred Hitchcock
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1899-08-13 （Leytonstone, Essex, England）
- Died
- 1980-04-29 （Los Angeles (Bel Air), California, US） age 80
- Nationality
- United Kingdom, United States (from 1955)
- Languages
- English
- Religion
- Roman Catholic
- Residence History
- Leytonstone (London) → Limehouse (London) → Stepney (London) → Shamley Green (Surrey) → Bel Air (Los Angeles), California
Career
- Occupations
- Film director, Producer, Screenwriter (collaborator), Television host
- Active Years
- 1919-1980
- Influenced By
- F. W. Murnau, D. W. Griffith, Georges Méliès, Soviet montage filmmakers (Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Kuleshov)
- Influenced
- Brian De Palma, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, David Fincher, François Truffaut (both influenced by and interlocutor)
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St Ignatius' College (Jesuit grammar school) | — | — | — | 1910頃まで在籍（正確な終了年不明） | United Kingdom |
| London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation (night classes) | — | — | — | 1913頃（夜間クラス） | United Kingdom |
St Ignatius' College (Jesuit grammar school)
Period:
1910頃まで在籍（正確な終了年不明）
Country:
United Kingdom
Attended a Jesuit grammar school; formative for discipline and early sense of fear.
London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation (night classes)
Period:
1913頃（夜間クラス）
Country:
United Kingdom
Reported to have studied mechanics, electricity, acoustics and navigation in night classes.
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | BAFTA Fellowship | — | — | British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) | 受賞 |
| 1979 | AFI Life Achievement Award | — | — | American Film Institute (AFI) | 受賞 |
| 1980 | Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) | — | — | The Crown / UK Honours | 受勲（KBE） |
| 1960 | Hollywood Walk of Fame (two stars) | Stars for Television and Motion Pictures | — | Hollywood Walk of Fame | 受賞 |
| 1941 | Academy Award for Best Director (nomination) | Rebecca | 監督賞 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) | ノミネート |
| 1944 | Academy Award for Best Director (nomination) | Lifeboat | 監督賞 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) | ノミネート |
| 1945 | Academy Award for Best Director (nomination) | Spellbound | 監督賞 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) | ノミネート |
| 1954 | Academy Award for Best Director (nomination) | Rear Window | 監督賞 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) | ノミネート |
| 1960 | Academy Award for Best Director (nomination) | Psycho | 監督賞 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars) | ノミネート |
BAFTA Fellowship
1971
Organization:
British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA)
Result:
受賞
AFI Life Achievement Award
1979
Organization:
American Film Institute (AFI)
Result:
受賞
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)
1980
Organization:
The Crown / UK Honours
Result:
受勲（KBE）
Hollywood Walk of Fame (two stars)
1960
Work:
Stars for Television and Motion Pictures
Organization:
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Result:
受賞
Academy Award for Best Director (nomination)
1941
Work:
Rebecca
Category:
監督賞
Organization:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars)
Result:
ノミネート
Academy Award for Best Director (nomination)
1944
Work:
Lifeboat
Category:
監督賞
Organization:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars)
Result:
ノミネート
Academy Award for Best Director (nomination)
1945
Work:
Spellbound
Category:
監督賞
Organization:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars)
Result:
ノミネート
Academy Award for Best Director (nomination)
1954
Work:
Rear Window
Category:
監督賞
Organization:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars)
Result:
ノミネート
Academy Award for Best Director (nomination)
1960
Work:
Psycho
Category:
監督賞
Organization:
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Oscars)
Result:
ノミネート
Awards & Nominations
Works
Major Works
The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog
1927 Silent thrillerA suspense film about a Jack-the-Ripper–style killer; an early Hitchcock breakthrough that established his visual style.
suspicionvoyeurismfear
Blackmail
1929 Early sound thriller / transition talkieOne of the first British 'talkies'; notable for experimenting with sound to heighten tension.
use of sound for tensionguilt and redemption
The 39 Steps
1935 Spy thrillerA thriller built on movement and pursuit; an early example of Hitchcock's use of the 'MacGuffin'.
pursuitmistaken identitytravel (trains)
Rebecca
1940 Gothic suspenseA young woman marries into an aristocratic household and struggles under the shadow of the dead first wife, Rebecca. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
ghostly shadowjealousypower and secrecy
Rear Window
1954 Suspense / mysteryA photographer confined to a wheelchair observes his neighbors and becomes convinced a murder has been committed. A landmark film about voyeurism.
voyeurismdomestic terrorpoint of view and identification
Vertigo
1958 Psychological thrillerA former police detective with acrophobia becomes obsessed with a woman he is hired to follow, leading to tragedy. Notable for the dolly zoom and psychological depth.
obsessionremaking/constructing the womansex and death
Psycho
1960 Horror / thrillerA shocking crime at a roadside motel; famous for the shower scene and its pioneering shock tactics in cinema.
split personalitymother-child relationshipexposure of violence
Bibliography
- The Pleasure Garden (1925), The Lodger (1927), Blackmail (1929), The 39 Steps (1935), The Lady Vanishes (1938), Rebecca (1940), Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Notorious (1946), Rope (1948), Strangers on a Train (1951), Rear Window (1954), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960), The Birds (1963), Marnie (1964), Frenzy (1972), Family Plot (1976)
Adaptations
- Many works adapted into stage, television, sequels and remakes (e.g., the Psycho franchise and remakes).
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- Highly visual storytelling ('pure cinema')Meticulous shot composition and storyboard-driven planningDeliberate creation of suspense to make audiences suffer emotionally
- Recurring Motifs
- voyeurismMacGuffinthe 'Hitchcock blonde'mistaken identity / innocent accusedtrains and trams / travelproblematic mother figures
Health
-
Hernia and gallstones (gallbladder removal)1957頃（手術実施）Returned to work quickly after surgery; continued to experience weight fluctuations and related health issues.
-
Arthritis (treated with cortisone)晩年Pain limited activity and affected late-career work and public appearances.
-
Pacemaker implantation晩年Occasionally restricted travel and public engagements.
-
Kidney failure (cause of death)1980年4月（死亡時）Died of kidney failure on 29 April 1980 at his Bel Air home.
Legacy
Alfred Hitchcock, the 'Master of Suspense', left a profound mark on cinema. His visual storytelling, manipulation of audience perspective, and devices such as the MacGuffin and voyeurism have influenced generations of filmmakers; many of his films are preserved and celebrated worldwide.
Museums
- Alfred Hitchcock Collection (Academy Film Archive) Hollywood, California, US Opened in 1984
- Leytonstone station Hitchcock mosaics (commemorative installation) Leytonstone station, London, UK Opened in 2001
Academic Societies
- BAFTA-related film study communities
- Film studies and cinema research groups (widely studied)
Archives
- Margaret Herrick Library (Pat Hitchcock donated papers)
- Academy Film Archive (Alfred Hitchcock Collection)
- Harry Ransom Center (Selznick and Lehman collections with related materials)
In Popular Culture
- Hitchcock (2012 biopic, Anthony Hopkins)
- The Girl (2012 TV film, Toby Jones)
- Frequent references and homages in cinema (shower scene, dolly zoom, etc.)
Quotes
-
My suspense work comes out of creating nightmares for the audience. And I play with an audience. I make them gasp and surprise them and shock them.
Source: Interview (Hitchcock, 1967) (1967)
Trivia
- Made cameo appearances in almost all of his films (a self-promotional tradition).
- The shower scene in Psycho is one of the most analyzed sequences in film history.
- He was famously quoted as saying actors should be 'treated like cattle', a remark he later downplayed as jocular.
- He was knighted (KBE) in 1980 but was too ill to travel to London to receive the honour in person.