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第43回（1950年） Winner
Bertrand Russell
バートランド・ラッセル
Bātorando Rasseru
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1872-05-18 （Trellech, Monmouthshire, England (historic)）
- 死没
- 1970-02-02 （Penrhyndeudraeth, Merionethshire, Wales） 97歳
- 国籍
- British
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Atheist / Agnostic
- 居住地歴
- Richmond Park (childhood) → Cambridge (education and academic posts) → London (long-term residence) → Penrhyndeudraeth (later life)
経歴
- 職業
- philosopher, logician, mathematician, writer, public intellectual
- 活動期間
- 1893年〜1970年
- 所属
- Trinity College, Cambridge, London School of Economics, University of Chicago (visiting), UCLA (visiting)
- 所属団体
- Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Gottlob Frege, A. N. Whitehead, G. E. Moore, John Stuart Mill, Gottfried Leibniz
- 影響を与えた人物
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, generations of analytic philosophers, logicians and foundations of mathematics researchers
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trinity College, University of Cambridge | Mathematics / Philosophy (Mathematical Tripos) | Mathematics / Philosophy | BA (Fellowship later) | 1890–1895 (学生・初期フェロー期) | United Kingdom |
Trinity College, University of Cambridge
Mathematics / Philosophy (Mathematical Tripos)
/ Mathematics / Philosophy
学位:
BA (Fellowship later)
期間:
1890–1895 (学生・初期フェロー期)
卒業年:
1893
国:
United Kingdom
Graduated with first-class honours in mathematics (1893); became a Fellow in philosophy (1895).
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1932 | De Morgan Medal | — | — | London Mathematical Society | 受賞 |
| 1934 | Sylvester Medal | — | — | Royal Society | 受賞 |
| 1949 | Order of Merit (OM) | — | — | British Monarchy | 受章 |
| 1950 | Nobel Prize in Literature | varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought | — | Nobel Committee | 受賞 |
| 1957 | Kalinga Prize | — | — | UNESCO (Kalinga Prize committee) | 受賞 |
| 1963 | Jerusalem Prize | — | — | Jerusalem International Book Fair | 受賞 |
De Morgan Medal
1932
主催:
London Mathematical Society
結果:
受賞
Sylvester Medal
1934
主催:
Royal Society
結果:
受賞
Order of Merit (OM)
1949
主催:
British Monarchy
結果:
受章
Nobel Prize in Literature
1950
対象作品:
varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought
主催:
Nobel Committee
結果:
受賞
Kalinga Prize
1957
主催:
UNESCO (Kalinga Prize committee)
結果:
受賞
Jerusalem Prize
1963
主催:
Jerusalem International Book Fair
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
-
第1回（1963年） Winner
作品
代表作
Principia Mathematica (with A. N. Whitehead)
1910年 mathematical logic / scholarly 1200ページA three-volume landmark work by Russell and A. N. Whitehead aiming to reduce mathematics to logic; hugely influential in mathematical logic and foundations.
logicismsymbolic logicfoundations of mathematics
The Problems of Philosophy
1912年 philosophy (introductory) 120ページAn accessible introduction to key problems of philosophy, covering epistemology and theories of knowledge.
epistemologyanalytic philosophy
A History of Western Philosophy
1945年 history of philosophy / general 800ページA sweeping account of Western philosophy from antiquity to the 20th century, linking ideas to historical context; became a bestseller.
history of philosophyideas and society
On Denoting (essay)
1905年 philosophy essay 15ページA seminal essay on language and denotation; influential in the philosophy of language through its theory of definite descriptions.
philosophy of languagetheory of descriptions
全著作
- German Social Democracy (1896)
- An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897)
- The Principles of Mathematics (1903)
- Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy (1919)
- The Analysis of Mind (1921)
- The Conquest of Happiness (1930)
- The Impact of Science on Society (1951)
- The Autobiography (Vols. 1–3, 1967–1969)
翻案
- Cameo appearance in the Hindi film 'Aman' (1967)
作品の翻訳
- Japanese translations of 'A History of Western Philosophy' (multiple editions)
作風・主題
- 文体
- clear and accessible proselogical and analytic
- 頻出モチーフ
- foundations of logic and mathematicsfreedom of thought and humanitarian idealsrelationship between science and society
健康
-
depression (periods in life)幼年期〜青年期にかけて断続的にEarly losses and depression affected his youth; he wrote that mathematics and books saved him from despair.
-
pneumonia (serious episode, early 1920s)1920sCaused temporary limitation of activities; at one point Japanese press mistakenly reported his death.
-
influenza (cause of death)1970年2月Died at home from influenza on 2 February 1970.
評価・遺産
One of the founders of analytic philosophy; influential in mathematical logic, philosophy of language, ethics and political activism; widely read through popular works.
記念館・博物館
- Bertrand Russell Archive (research collections) William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University (Canada)
関連学会
- Bertrand Russell Society
資料所蔵先
- McMaster University Bertrand Russell Archive
- Various public and private archives and collected papers
大衆文化への影響
- Portraits and quotations frequently cited in political and cultural debates
- Influence visible in naming (e.g. Sheikh Russel) and popular references
引用
-
“in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought”
出典: Nobel Committee (Nobel Prize in Literature citation, 1950) (1950年) -
“The Will to Doubt”
出典: essays/lectures (1958年)
豆知識
- Survived the 1948 Hommelvik air crash as one of the survivors.
- Made a cameo appearance as himself in the 1967 Hindi film 'Aman'.