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第19回（1978年） Winner
Carl Sagan
カール・セーガン
Kāru Sēgan
ペンネーム:
Mr. X（Pseudonym used for an essay on cannabis）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1934-11-09 （Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.）
- 死没
- 1996-12-20 （Seattle, Washington, U.S. (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)） 62歳
- 国籍
- United States
- 言語
- English
- 宗教
- Reform Judaism (family background)
- 居住地歴
- Bensonhurst, New York City → Rahway, New Jersey → Ithaca, New York → Seattle, Washington
経歴
- 職業
- Astronomer, Planetary scientist, Science communicator, Author, Screenwriter
- 活動期間
- 1954年〜1996年
- 所属
- Harvard University (Assistant Professor), Cornell University (Professor), The Planetary Society (co-founder), SETI Institute (Board member)
- 所属団体
- American Philosophical Society, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Harold Urey, Gerard Kuiper, George Gamow
- 影響を与えた人物
- Neil deGrasse Tyson, Ann Druyan, Numerous science communicators and popular science authors
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Chicago | — | Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics | Bachelor of Liberal Arts (honors) | 1950–1954 | United States |
| University of Chicago | — | Physics | Bachelor of Science (Physics) | 1954–1955 | United States |
| University of Chicago | — | Physics | Master of Science | 1955–1956 | United States |
| University of Chicago | — | Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics | PhD | 1956–1960 | United States |
University of Chicago
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics
学位:
Bachelor of Liberal Arts (honors)
期間:
1950–1954
卒業年:
1954
国:
United States
Undergraduate (honors) program
University of Chicago
Physics
学位:
Bachelor of Science (Physics)
期間:
1954–1955
卒業年:
1955
国:
United States
Bachelor of Science in Physics
University of Chicago
Physics
学位:
Master of Science
期間:
1955–1956
卒業年:
1956
国:
United States
Completed graduate MS work
University of Chicago
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics
学位:
PhD
期間:
1956–1960
卒業年:
1960
国:
United States
Doctoral thesis 'Physical Studies of the Planets'
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | Klumpke-Roberts Award | — | — | Astronomical Society of the Pacific | 受賞 |
| 1977 | NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal | — | — | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | 受賞 |
| 1978 | Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction | The Dragons of Eden | — | Pulitzer Prize Board | 受賞 |
| 1981 | Emmy Award | Cosmos: A Personal Voyage | Outstanding Informational Series | Academy of Television Arts & Sciences | 受賞 |
| 1990 | Oersted Medal | — | — | American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) | 受賞 |
| 1993 | Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science | — | — | Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) | 受賞（初代受賞者） |
| 1994 | Public Welfare Medal | — | — | National Academy of Sciences | 受賞 |
| 1986 | Locus Award | Contact | Best Science Fiction Novel | Locus | 受賞 |
| 1981 | Hugo Award | Cosmos (TV series) and Cosmos (book) | Best Dramatic Presentation / Best Related Non-Fiction Work | World Science Fiction Society | 受賞 |
Klumpke-Roberts Award
1974
主催:
Astronomical Society of the Pacific
結果:
受賞
NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal
1977
主催:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
結果:
受賞
Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
1978
対象作品:
The Dragons of Eden
主催:
Pulitzer Prize Board
結果:
受賞
Emmy Award
1981
対象作品:
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
部門:
Outstanding Informational Series
主催:
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
結果:
受賞
Oersted Medal
1990
主催:
American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)
結果:
受賞
Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science
1993
主催:
Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP)
結果:
受賞（初代受賞者）
Public Welfare Medal
1994
主催:
National Academy of Sciences
結果:
受賞
Locus Award
1986
対象作品:
Contact
部門:
Best Science Fiction Novel
主催:
Locus
結果:
受賞
Hugo Award
1981
対象作品:
Cosmos (TV series) and Cosmos (book)
部門:
Best Dramatic Presentation / Best Related Non-Fiction Work
主催:
World Science Fiction Society
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
-
第17回（1996年） Winner
作品
代表作
Cosmos
1980年 Popular scienceA widely read popular-science book accompanying the TV series 'Cosmos', presenting the history of the universe, science, and humanity's place in the cosmos.
Scale of the universeScientific skepticismPublic understanding of science
映像化・舞台化
- [Television series] Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (1980)
The Dragons of Eden
1977年 Popular science (evolution of human intelligence)A popular-science exploration of the origins and evolution of human intelligence; winner of the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
Evolution of intelligenceCognitive scienceHuman origins
Contact
1985年 Science fictionA novel about contact with extraterrestrial intelligence, based on a 1979 film treatment; adapted into a 1997 feature film.
First contactDialogue between faith and scienceEthics of space exploration
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] Contact / Robert Zemeckis (1997)
Pale Blue Dot
1994年 Popular science / space explorationEssays inspired by the Voyager 1 photograph of Earth, reflecting on humanity's place in the universe and the future of space exploration.
Human perspectiveSpace explorationEthics and the future
The Demon-Haunted World
1995年 Popular science / skepticismAdvocates scientific thinking and skepticism, offering tools (the 'baloney detection kit') to detect fallacies and pseudoscience.
SkepticismScience educationCountering pseudoscience
全著作
- The Cosmic Connection
- Planets
- The Dragons of Eden
- Broca's Brain
- Cosmos
- Contact
- Pale Blue Dot
- The Demon-Haunted World
翻案
- TV series 'Cosmos: A Personal Voyage' (1980)
- Film 'Contact' (1997)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Accessible, conversational proseUses metaphor and narrative to explain scienceEloquent and occasionally lyrical essays
- 頻出モチーフ
- The grandeur of the cosmos and human humilityThe scientific method and skepticismEarth's fragility and responsibility for the future
健康
-
Myelodysplastic syndrome1994–1996Underwent treatments including bone marrow transplants; ultimately died of pneumonia following complications. Affected his activities in later years.
評価・遺産
Carl Sagan was an enormously influential science communicator whose television series 'Cosmos' and numerous books popularized science and skepticism worldwide. He also made substantive contributions to planetary science and SETI; many awards and sites now commemorate his name.
記念館・博物館
- Sagan Planet Walk Ithaca, New York 1997年開館
- Carl Sagan Memorial Station Mars (Mars Pathfinder landing site) 1997年開館
関連学会
- Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
- American Philosophical Society
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
資料所蔵先
- Library of Congress (The Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan Archive)
大衆文化への影響
- Film 'Contact' (1997)
- Symphony of Science sampling of Cosmos audio
- Popularization of the Voyager 'Pale Blue Dot' photograph and its quote
引用
-
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
出典: Cosmos and various lectures/writings (1980年) -
On that dot are all of the people you know... it is a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.
出典: Pale Blue Dot (1994年)
豆知識
- Published an essay under the pseudonym 'Mr. X' about cannabis.
- The TV series 'Cosmos' was viewed by an estimated 500 million people across 60 countries.
- Apple once used 'Carl Sagan' as an internal codename for the Power Macintosh 7100 (later changed).