Georg Büchner Prize
1回登壇
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第32回（1957年） Winner
Erich Kästner
エーリッヒ・ケストナー
Erich Kästner
別名:
Emil Erich Kästner
ペンネーム:
Berthold Bürger（Pseudonym used for newspaper correspondence and some screenwriting）,
Melchior Kurtz（One of several pen names used for reviews and contributions）,
Peter Flint（Used for some newspaper pieces）,
Robert Neuner（Another pseudonym used for contributions）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1899-02-23 （Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire）
- 死没
- 1974-07-29 （Munich, Bavaria, West Germany） 75歳
- 国籍
- German
- 言語
- German
- 居住地歴
- Dresden → Leipzig → Berlin → Mayrhofen (Tyrol) → Munich
経歴
- 職業
- Writer, Poet, Screenwriter, Satirist, Children's author
- 活動期間
- 1928年〜1969年
- 所属
- PEN Center of West Germany, Founding member of IBBY (International Board on Books for Young People), Instrumental in founding the Internationale Jugendbibliothek (Munich)
- 所属団体
- Member and President of PEN Center of West Germany (1951–1961), Founding member of IBBY
- 影響を受けた人物
- New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit), Berlin satirical and literary traditions
- 影響を与えた人物
- Children's authors and filmmakers (modern urban children's stories), Subsequent generations of German children's literature
- ノミネート
- Nobel Prize in Literature nominations (8 separate years)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Leipzig | Faculty of Humanities | History, Philosophy, German Studies and Theatre | 博士号（文学） | 1919–1925 | Germany |
University of Leipzig
Faculty of Humanities
/ History, Philosophy, German Studies and Theatre
学位:
博士号（文学）
期間:
1919–1925
卒業年:
1925
国:
Germany
Received doctorate for a thesis on Frederick the Great and German literature
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Hans Christian Andersen Award (for Writing) | When I Was a Little Boy (autobiography) | — | International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) | 受賞 |
| 1961 | Lewis Carroll Shelf Award | When I Was a Little Boy (English translation) | — | Lewis Carroll Shelf Award organization | 受賞 |
| 1957 | Georg Büchner Prize | — | — | Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung | 受賞 |
| 1959 | Federal Cross of Merit (Bundesverdienstkreuz) | — | — | Government of West Germany | 受賞 |
| 1950 | Filmband in Gold (German Film Award) | Das doppelte Lottchen (screenplay for the German film version) | 脚本 | Deutscher Filmpreis (German Film Awards) | 受賞 |
Hans Christian Andersen Award (for Writing)
1960
対象作品:
When I Was a Little Boy (autobiography)
主催:
International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY)
結果:
受賞
Lewis Carroll Shelf Award
1961
対象作品:
When I Was a Little Boy (English translation)
主催:
Lewis Carroll Shelf Award organization
結果:
受賞
Georg Büchner Prize
1957
主催:
Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung
結果:
受賞
Federal Cross of Merit (Bundesverdienstkreuz)
1959
主催:
Government of West Germany
結果:
受賞
Filmband in Gold (German Film Award)
1950
対象作品:
Das doppelte Lottchen (screenplay for the German film version)
部門:
脚本
主催:
Deutscher Filmpreis (German Film Awards)
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
Emil and the Detectives
1929年 Children's literature, novelA children's detective story set in contemporary Berlin, in which Emil and a group of children pursue and outwit thieves.
FriendshipUrban lifeChildren's agency
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] Emil and the Detectives (1931 film) / Gerhard Lamprecht (1931)
- [Film] Emil and the Detectives (1954 film) (1954)
翻訳
- Translated into many languages (over 50; historically cited as 59 languages)
Lisa and Lottie (The Parent Trap)
1949年 Children's literature, family novelSeparated twin sisters meet and swap places to reunite their parents and restore their family.
FamilyIdentityHumor
映像化・舞台化
- [Film (USA)] The Parent Trap (1961) / David Swift (1961)
- [Film (USA)] The Parent Trap (1998) / Nancy Meyers (1998)
翻訳
- Translated into English and multiple other languages
The Flying Classroom
1933年 Children's literatureA boarding-school story about boys, friendship and growing up, mixing humor and human drama.
FriendshipComing of ageSchool life
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] The Flying Classroom (1954 film) / Kurt Hoffmann (1954)
- [Film] The Flying Classroom (1973 film) / Werner Jacobs (1973)
翻訳
- Translated into multiple languages
Fabian: The Story of a Moralist
1931年 Adult novelSet in Weimar Berlin, the novel follows Fabian, an unemployed literary man, as he confronts the turmoil and moral collapse of the era.
MoralityUrban decayCollapse of an era
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] Fabian (1980 film) (1980)
翻訳
- Translated into English and other languages
When I Was a Little Boy
1957年 Autobiography / Children's literature (autobiographical)An autobiographical account of Kästner's childhood; its English translation and reception contributed to international recognition.
Childhood reminiscenceNostalgia
翻訳
- English translation by Florence and Isabel McHugh
全著作
- Christmas Carol, Chemically Cleaned (1927)
- Herz auf Taille (1928)
- Emil and the Detectives (1929)
- Dot and Anton (1931)
- Fabian: The Story of a Moralist (1931)
- The 35th of May (1932)
- The Flying Classroom (1933)
- Three Men in the Snow (1934)
- Lisa and Lottie / The Parent Trap (1949)
- The Animals' Conference (1949)
- When I Was a Little Boy (1957)
- The Little Man (1963)
- The Little Man and the Little Miss (1967)
- Mein Onkel Franz (1969)
翻案
- Many children's books adapted for film, television and stage (e.g. Emil and the Detectives, Lisa and Lottie, The Flying Classroom)
作品の翻訳
- Works such as Emil and the Detectives have been translated into over 50 languages
作風・主題
- 文体
- Humorous, ironic and colloquial poetic voiceMatter-of-fact, objective depiction (New Objectivity influence)Clear, contemporary style for children's fiction
- 頻出モチーフ
- Children and friendshipAnti-militarism and pacifismObservations of urban lifeStrong attachment to mothers
健康
-
Chronic heart condition (attributed to military training)1917–終生Military training is said to have left a lifelong heart condition, which influenced his life and sometimes his writing
-
Tendency toward alcoholism1950年代–1960年代Contributed to reduced publishing activity and creative output in the 1950s–1960s
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Esophageal cancer (cause of death)1974（死去）Died of esophageal cancer in 1974
評価・遺産
Kästner is one of the leading 20th-century German children's authors, known for combining humor and social critique. His works have been widely adapted and translated, and he is commemorated through street names, awards and cultural references.
記念館・博物館
- Erich Kästner Museum (Villa Augustin) Dresden (near Königsbrücker Straße)
関連学会
- IBBY (International Board on Books for Young People)
大衆文化への影響
- Lisa and Lottie inspired Disney's The Parent Trap and multiple film adaptations
- Streets and memorials named after Erich Kästner in various German towns
- Asteroid 12318 Kästner named in his honour
引用
-
I was born in the most beautiful city in the world. ... In a thousand years was her beauty built, in one night was it utterly destroyed.
出典: When I Was a Little Boy (autobiography) (1957年)
豆知識
- Never married; had a son Thomas Kästner (born 1957)
- Witnessed the Nazi book burnings in 1933 where his works were burned
- Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eight times
- Many works adapted to film and translated widely (Emil and the Detectives cited as translated into 59 languages)
- Asteroid 12318 named Kästner