Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize (Newdigate Prize)
1 appearances
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Edition 0 (1839) Winner
John Ruskin
ジョン・ラスキン
John Ruskin
Pen Names:
Kata Phusin（Pen name used for early writings such as 'The Poetry of Architecture' (Greek for 'According to Nature')）
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1819-02-08 （54 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, London, England）
- Died
- 1900-01-20 （Brantwood, Coniston, Cumbria, England） age 80
- Nationality
- British (English)
- Languages
- English
- Religion
- Christianity (early Evangelical influence)
- Residence History
- Herne Hill, South London (childhood) → Mayfair (31 Park Street and other addresses) → Brantwood, Coniston (main home from 1872 until death)
Career
- Occupations
- writer, lecturer, art historian, art critic, draughtsman, philanthropist, educator
- Active Years
- 1830-1900
- Affiliations
- Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art (founder, University of Oxford), Slade Professor of Fine Art (University of Oxford, first appointee), Royal Society of Painters in Watercolour (honorary member)
- Memberships
- Guild of St George (founder and Master), Ruskin Society (various local societies)
- Influenced By
- Joseph Severn, J. M. W. Turner, Thomas Carlyle, William Wordsworth
- Influenced
- William Morris, Mohandas Gandhi, Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Octavia Hill
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King's College London | — | — | — | 1834–1836 | United Kingdom |
| Christ Church, University of Oxford | — | — | honorary double fourth-class (pass degree acknowledgement) | 1836–1842 | United Kingdom |
King's College London
Period:
1834–1836
Country:
United Kingdom
Prepared for Oxford under Thomas Dale; attended classes and lectures prior to matriculation at Oxford
Christ Church, University of Oxford
Degree:
honorary double fourth-class (pass degree acknowledgement)
Period:
1836–1842
Year of Graduation:
1842
Country:
United Kingdom
Matriculated Michaelmas 1836; awarded an uncommon honorary double fourth-class degree in 1842
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1839 | Newdigate Prize | Poem 'Salsette and Elephanata' (winning poem) | — | University of Oxford | 受賞 |
Newdigate Prize
1839
Work:
Poem 'Salsette and Elephanata' (winning poem)
Organization:
University of Oxford
Result:
受賞
Awards & Nominations
Works
Major Works
Modern Painters
1843 Art criticism / Art theoryAn extended defence of J. M. W. Turner arguing for 'truth to nature', combining close observation with moral and aesthetic theory.
truth to natureethics of artobservation and description
Translations
- Modern Painters (translated into multiple languages)
The Seven Lamps of Architecture
1849 Architectural criticismA treatise outlining seven moral and aesthetic 'lamps' of architecture, advocating Gothic virtues and opposing superficial restoration.
Gothic appreciationconservation vs restorationrespect for craftsmanship
Translations
- The Seven Lamps of Architecture (translated into Japanese and other languages)
The Stones of Venice
1851 Architecture history / Cultural historyA three-volume work on Venetian architecture linking aesthetic decline with social and moral decay; includes the influential essay 'The Nature of Gothic'.
architecture and moralityhistorical preservationcritique of industrialisation
Translations
- The Stones of Venice (translated into several languages)
Unto This Last
1860 Political economy critique / Social thoughtA set of essays criticising laissez-faire political economy and advocating dignity of labour, social justice, and cooperative economic principles; influential on Gandhi.
dignity of laboursocial justicecritique of competition
Translations
- Unto This Last (paraphrased/translated influences, notably Gandhi's Gujarati engagement)
Fors Clavigera
1871 Letters / EssaysA series of monthly letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain discussing art, education and social reform; notable for the 1877 Whistler controversy.
education for the massessocial role of artlabour and ethics
Translations
- Fors Clavigera (selected letters translated)
Praeterita
1885 Autobiography / MemoirA three-volume autobiographical work (1885–1889) offering a selective and personal account of Ruskin's life and memories.
recollectionself-representationmemory and place
Translations
- Praeterita (abridgements and translations exist)
The King of the Golden River
1851 Fairy tale / FableA fable-like fairy tale set in the Alps about sacrifice and charity; one of Ruskin's most translated single works.
charitynatureallegorical lesson
Translations
- The King of the Golden River (widely translated and adapted as a children's tale)
Bibliography
- Modern Painters (5 vols.)
- The Seven Lamps of Architecture
- The Stones of Venice (3 vols.)
- Unto This Last
- Fors Clavigera
- Praeterita
- The King of the Golden River
- Sesame and Lilies
- The Elements of Drawing
Adaptations
- The Love of John Ruskin (1912 silent film)
- The Passion of John Ruskin (1994 film)
- Mr. Turner (2014 film) — Turner biopic in which Ruskin appears
- Desperate Romantics (2009 BBC drama about the Pre-Raphaelites)
Translations of Works
- Unto This Last was paraphrased/engaged with by Mohandas Gandhi in Gujarati ('Sarvodaya'), influencing Indian social thought
- The King of the Golden River has been widely translated into numerous languages as a children's tale
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- erudite and rhetorical, with precise observational descriptionprose interwoven with moral and religious concernsshift from ornate early style to plainer later prose
- Recurring Motifs
- nature and landscape (notably the Alps and Venice)respect for craftsmen and manual craftarchitecture, memory, and conservationdignity of labour and social justice
Health
-
Mental breakdowns / episodes of serious mental illness (periodic depression and delirium)1870年代〜1890年代（特に1888年の完全な崩壊以降悪化）Restricted travel and writing ability; led to progressive decline and need for care in later years
-
Influenza (fatal)1900年1月Died of influenza at Brantwood on 20 January 1900
Legacy
Ruskin left a multifaceted legacy spanning art criticism, architectural conservation, social and economic critique, education and early environmental thought. He influenced the Arts and Crafts movement, figures associated with the National Trust, and inspired Gandhi, while aspects of his personal life and some ideas have been controversial.
Museums
- Brantwood (Ruskin's home and memorial) Coniston, Cumbria, England Opened in 1934
- Ruskin Museum Coniston, Cumbria, England
- Ruskin Library (Lancaster University) Lancaster, United Kingdom (Ruskin Library)
Academic Societies
- Ruskin Society
- Guild of St George (educational charity)
Archives
- Ruskin Library (Lancaster University collections)
- Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Yale University, Ruskin collection)
- Ashmolean Museum (Ruskin's Drawing Collection)
In Popular Culture
- Frequently portrayed in film, theatre and radio (e.g. 'Mr. Turner', 'Effie Gray', 'The Love of John Ruskin')
- Namesake of institutions and places (Anglia Ruskin University, Ruskin College, Ruskin, Florida, etc.)
Quotes
-
There is no wealth but life. Life, including all its powers of love, of joy, and of admiration.
Source: Unto This Last (1862) -
I have seen, and heard, much of cockney impudence before now, but never expected to hear a coxcomb ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public's face.
Source: Fors Clavigera (letter, 1877) — criticism of Whistler (1877) -
The principal duty of the artist is 'truth to nature'.
Source: Modern Painters (1843)
Trivia
- Coined and popularized the term 'pathetic fallacy'.
- 'Unto This Last' influenced Gandhi and had lasting impact in India.
- Lost the libel case brought by Whistler in 1878 (damages a farthing), an episode that harmed his reputation.
- Wrote one fairy tale, 'The King of the Golden River', which has been widely translated.
- Founded the Guild of St George, an organization that continues educational and conservation work.