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第5回（1971年） Winner
Jorge Luis Borges
ホルヘ・ルイス・ボルヘス
Jorge Luis Borges
別名:
Jorge Borges / Borges
ペンネーム:
H. Bustos Domecq（Pseudonym used in collaborations with Adolfo Bioy Casares）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1899-08-24 （Buenos Aires, Argentina）
- 死没
- 1986-06-14 （Geneva, Switzerland） 86歳
- 国籍
- Argentine
- 言語
- Spanish, English, French, German
- 宗教
- Agnosticism
- 居住地歴
- Buenos Aires, Argentina → Geneva, Switzerland → Spain (Barcelona, Mallorca, Madrid) → United States (lecture tours and visiting posts)
経歴
- 職業
- Writer, Poet, Translator, Librarian, Critic, Lecturer
- 活動期間
- 1921年〜1986年
- 所属
- National Library of the Argentine Republic (Director), University of Buenos Aires (Professor of English Literature), Argentine Society of Writers (SADE)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Arthur Schopenhauer, George Berkeley, Fritz Mauthner, Guillaume Apollinaire, Walt Whitman
- 影響を与えた人物
- Gabriel García Márquez, J. M. Coetzee, David Foster Wallace, William Gibson, Philip K. Dick
- ノミネート
- Nobel Prize in Literature nominee (multiple years)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collège de Genève | — | — | — | 1914–1918 | Switzerland |
Collège de Genève
期間:
1914–1918
卒業年:
1918
国:
Switzerland
Received baccalauréat (1918)
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | International Formentor Prize (Prix Formentor) | — | — | Formentor / International literary organizers | 受賞（サミュエル・ベケットと共同受賞） |
| 1971 | Jerusalem Prize | — | — | Jerusalem International Book Forum | 受賞 |
| 1962 | Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres | — | — | French Ministry of Culture | 受賞 |
| 1980 | Miguel de Cervantes Prize | — | — | Spanish government / Cervantes Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1980 | Balzan Prize | Philology, Linguistics and Literary Criticism | — | Balzan Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1976 | Edgar Allan Poe Award (Special Award) | — | — | Mystery Writers of America | 受賞（特別功労） |
| 1983 | Legion of Honour | — | — | French government | 受賞 |
| — | Diamond Konex Award | — | — | Konex Foundation (Argentina) | 受賞（年代別の最重要作家として） |
International Formentor Prize (Prix Formentor)
1961
主催:
Formentor / International literary organizers
結果:
受賞（サミュエル・ベケットと共同受賞）
Jerusalem Prize
1971
主催:
Jerusalem International Book Forum
結果:
受賞
Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
1962
主催:
French Ministry of Culture
結果:
受賞
Miguel de Cervantes Prize
1980
主催:
Spanish government / Cervantes Foundation
結果:
受賞
Balzan Prize
1980
対象作品:
Philology, Linguistics and Literary Criticism
主催:
Balzan Foundation
結果:
受賞
Edgar Allan Poe Award (Special Award)
1976
主催:
Mystery Writers of America
結果:
受賞（特別功労）
Legion of Honour
1983
主催:
French government
結果:
受賞
Diamond Konex Award
主催:
Konex Foundation (Argentina)
結果:
受賞（年代別の最重要作家として）
受賞・候補エディション
作品
代表作
Ficciones
1944年 Short story collectionA landmark short-story collection exploring labyrinths, mirrors, libraries and the play of language; strongly philosophical and metafictional.
LabyrinthsMirrorsLibrariesInfinityChanceLanguage and authorship
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] Days of Hate (Días de odio) / Leopoldo Torre Nilsson (1954)
翻訳
- Multiple English translations exist, including editions translated/edited by Andrew Hurley
El Aleph
1949年 Short story collectionContains the title story in which a point (the Aleph) lets one view the entire universe; collections of stories about memory and infinity.
MemoryInfinityPerception and visionBooks and archives
翻訳
- Numerous translations into English and other languages
The Book of Sand
1975年 Short story collectionCollection including the title story about a book with infinitely many pages; contains fables about infinity and books.
InfinityBooksFantastical devices
翻訳
- Many translations into English and other languages
The Garden of Forking Paths
1941年 Short storyA story about forking possibilities of time; often seen as a precursor to hypertext thinking.
TimePossible worldsForking choices
翻訳
- One of the earlier stories translated into English that raised Borges's international profile
全著作
- Fervor de Buenos Aires (1923)
- A Universal History of Infamy (1935)
- The Garden of Forking Paths (1941)
- Ficciones (1944)
- El Aleph (1949)
- The Book of Imaginary Beings (1967)
- The Book of Sand (1975)
翻案
- Días de odio (1954) — Film adaptation of 'Emma Zunz' directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
- Various short stories adapted for film, theatre and opera
作家による翻訳
- Spanish translations of works by William Faulkner (e.g. The Wild Palms) and others
作品の翻訳
- English translations of Ficciones (various)
- English translations of El Aleph (various)
作風・主題
- 文体
- Concise, dense proseMetafictionPhilosophical and allegorical short fictionErudite, encyclopedic references
- 頻出モチーフ
- LabyrinthsMirrorsBooks and librariesInfinity and mathematicsDreams vs. realityAuthor-work doubleness
健康
-
Progressive vision loss / blindness30代から進行、55歳頃に完全失明Affected his writing practice; led to greater reliance on memory, dictation, and a shift toward shorter forms and poetry.
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Liver cancer (cause of death)晩年（1986年没）Led to his death in 1986.
評価・遺産
A central figure in Spanish-language and world literature. His metafictional and nonlinear narratives, and motifs of knowledge and libraries, influenced later writers and digital media. Though never awarded the Nobel Prize, he received numerous international honors and retains high critical standing.
記念館・博物館
- Jorge Luis Borges Collection (University of Virginia) United States — University of Virginia (special collections)
- Borges Center (University of Pittsburgh) United States — University of Pittsburgh (Borges Center)
関連学会
- Argentine Society of Writers (SADE)
資料所蔵先
- University of Virginia: Jorge Luis Borges Collection (manuscripts and correspondence)
- Borges Center (University of Pittsburgh)
大衆文化への影響
- Influence on film, theatre and music (adaptations and homages)
- Referenced by contemporary SF and postmodern authors (Gibson, Wallace, etc.)
引用
-
I have always imagined that Paradise will be some kind of a library.
出典: Autobiographical Notes (published in The New Yorker) (1970年) -
God, who with such magnificent irony, at one touch granted me books and the night.
出典: Poem / quoted in interviews and collections
豆知識
- Never awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature despite multiple nominations.
- Became completely blind around age 55 but continued to produce work.
- At ten, published a Spanish translation of Oscar Wilde's 'The Happy Prince'.
- Posthumous disputes arose over the management and republication of his works (widow María Kodama).