Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize (Newdigate Prize)
1 appearances
-
Edition 0 (1908) Winner
Julian Sorell Huxley
ジュリアン・ソレル・ハクスリー
Jurian Sorell Huxley
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1887-06-22 （London, England）
- Died
- 1975-02-14 （London, England） age 87
- Nationality
- United Kingdom
- Languages
- English
- Religion
- Atheism / Humanism
- Residence History
- Shackleford, Surrey → Compton (site of mother's school) → London → Houston, Texas (Rice Institute) → Paris (during UNESCO)
Career
- Occupations
- Evolutionary biologist, Science communicator, Writer, International civil servant
- Active Years
- 1906-1975
- Affiliations
- Zoological Society of London, UNESCO, World Wildlife Fund (founding member), British Eugenics Society, British Humanist Association (first President)
- Memberships
- Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), Society for Psychical Research, International Humanist and Ethical Union, Rationalist Press Association (Honorary Associate)
- Influenced By
- Thomas Henry Huxley, Charles Darwin, H. G. Wells
- Influenced
- E. B. Ford, Gavin de Beer, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eton College | — | — | — | 1899–1905 | United Kingdom |
| Balliol College, Oxford | Scholarship in Zoology | Zoology | BA (first-class honours) | 1906–1909 | United Kingdom |
Eton College
Period:
1899–1905
Year of Graduation:
1905
Country:
United Kingdom
Attended as a King's Scholar
Balliol College, Oxford
Scholarship in Zoology
/ Zoology
Degree:
BA (first-class honours)
Period:
1906–1909
Year of Graduation:
1909
Country:
United Kingdom
Won the Newdigate Prize; spent a year at the Naples Marine Biological Station
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1953 | Kalinga Prize | — | — | UNESCO | winner |
| 1956 | Darwin Medal | — | — | The Royal Society | winner |
| 1958 | Darwin–Wallace Medal | — | — | Linnaean Society | winner |
| 1959 | Lasker Award (Special Award) | — | Planned Parenthood – World Population | Lasker Foundation | winner |
| 1937 | Anisfield-Wolf Book Award | We Europeans | — | Anisfield-Wolf Foundation | winner |
| 1958 | Knighthood (Knight Bachelor) | — | — | British honours system (New Year Honours) | appointed |
Kalinga Prize
1953
Organization:
UNESCO
Result:
winner
Darwin Medal
1956
Organization:
The Royal Society
Result:
winner
Darwin–Wallace Medal
1958
Organization:
Linnaean Society
Result:
winner
Lasker Award (Special Award)
1959
Category:
Planned Parenthood – World Population
Organization:
Lasker Foundation
Result:
winner
Anisfield-Wolf Book Award
1937
Work:
We Europeans
Organization:
Anisfield-Wolf Foundation
Result:
winner
Knighthood (Knight Bachelor)
1958
Organization:
British honours system (New Year Honours)
Result:
appointed
Awards & Nominations
Anisfield-Wolf Book Award
1 appearances
-
Edition 2 (1937) Winner
Works
Major Works
Evolution: The Modern Synthesis
1942 Science / Evolutionary biology 576 pagesA landmark synthesis of genetics, systematics, and population biology up to WWII that helped establish the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory.
Natural selectionModern synthesisSpeciationEvolutionary progress
Translations
- (translated into multiple languages)
We Europeans
1936 Social / Political 260 pagesA collaborative work discussing European unity and issues of race and ethnicity; proposed replacing 'race' with 'ethnic group' in many contexts.
EthnicityInternationalismRace issues
The Science of Life
1929 Popular science / Encyclopedia 800 pagesA comprehensive popular-science presentation of biological knowledge, co-authored with H. G. Wells and G. P. Wells, aimed at general readers.
Science popularizationEvolutionEducation
Bibliography
- Early poems and essays (won Newdigate Prize)
- Courtship Habits of the Great Crested Grebe (1914)
- Evolution: The Modern Synthesis (1942)
- Memories (autobiography, 1970, 1973)
Adaptations
- The Private Life of the Gannets (natural history documentary, 1934; Academy Award)
- Coelacanth (1951, with David Attenborough)
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- Scientific and logicalPopularizing tone accessible to general readersEssayistic and polemical elements
- Recurring Motifs
- Evolution and progressHumanismInternationalism and educationConservationism
Health
-
Nervous breakdown / severe depression1913–1914 (再発あり)Led to periods of institutional care and temporary suspension of normal activities
-
Bipolar disorder (described as manic depression)生涯にわたるMood swings affected personal life and work but he remained professionally active
-
Hepatitis1943（植民地高等教育調査時）Became severe and contributed to a serious mental breakdown; recovery took about a year including ECT
Legacy
One of the architects of the modern synthesis in evolutionary biology, a major popularizer of science, first Director-General of UNESCO, and an early advocate of wildlife conservation. His involvement in the eugenics movement has attracted critical reappraisal.
Academic Societies
- The Royal Society
- Linnaean Society
- British Humanist Association (first President)
Archives
- Woodson Research Center, Rice University (Guide to the Julian S. Huxley Papers)
- UNESCO archives (materials related to his work at UNESCO)
In Popular Culture
- A public house in Selsdon, London is named after Sir Julian
- Known for natural history filmmaking and broadcasting
Quotes
-
"There is no separate supernatural realm: all phenomena are part of one natural process of evolution."
Source: Essays of a Humanist / related essays (1969)
Trivia
- First Director-General of UNESCO (1946–1948).
- Associated with the Oscar-winning short documentary The Private Life of the Gannets (1934).
- Won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for We Europeans (1937).
- Popularized the term 'transhumanism' (1957).