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第93回（2004年 第2回開催） Fellowship
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第160回（2004年 第6回開催） Fellowship
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第225回（2004年 第9回開催） Winner
Mavis Gallant
マヴィス・ギャラント
Mavisu Gyaranto
プロフィール
- 性別
- 女性
- 生誕
- 1922-08-11 （Montreal, Quebec, Canada）
- 死没
- 2014-02-18 （Paris, France） 91歳
- 国籍
- Canada
- 言語
- English
- 居住地歴
- Montreal, Canada (birth/early life) → New York area, United States (c.1935–1940) → Spain (short residence) → Paris, France (long-term residence)
経歴
- 職業
- short story writer, novelist, playwright, essayist, journalist
- 活動期間
- 1944年〜2014年
- 所属
- University of Toronto (Writer-in-Residence, 1983–84), American Academy of Arts and Letters (Foreign Honorary Member, 1989)
- 所属団体
- American Academy of Arts and Letters (Foreign Honorary Member)
- 影響を受けた人物
- Henry James (often compared to), Anton Chekhov (often compared to)
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Order of Canada | — | — | Government of Canada | Officer（1981） |
| 1993 | Order of Canada | — | — | Government of Canada | Companion（1993、昇進） |
| 1981 | Governor General's Award for English-language fiction | Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories | — | Governor General's Awards | 受賞 |
| 2006 | Prix Athanase‑David | — | — | Government of Quebec | 受賞 |
| 2000 | Matt Cohen Prize | — | — | Canadian literary organization | 受賞 |
| 2002 | Rea Award for the Short Story | — | — | Rea Award committee | 受賞 |
| 2004 | Lannan Literary Fellowship | — | — | Lannan Foundation | 受賞 |
| 2004 | PEN/Nabokov Award | — | — | PEN America | 受賞 |
| 1991 | Honorary LL.D. | — | — | Queen's University | 授与 |
Order of Canada
1981
主催:
Government of Canada
結果:
Officer（1981）
Order of Canada
1993
主催:
Government of Canada
結果:
Companion（1993、昇進）
Governor General's Award for English-language fiction
1981
対象作品:
Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories
主催:
Governor General's Awards
結果:
受賞
Prix Athanase‑David
2006
主催:
Government of Quebec
結果:
受賞
Matt Cohen Prize
2000
主催:
Canadian literary organization
結果:
受賞
Rea Award for the Short Story
2002
主催:
Rea Award committee
結果:
受賞
Lannan Literary Fellowship
2004
主催:
Lannan Foundation
結果:
受賞
PEN/Nabokov Award
2004
主催:
PEN America
結果:
受賞
Honorary LL.D.
1991
主催:
Queen's University
結果:
授与
受賞・候補エディション
Prix Athanase-David
1回登壇
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第38回（2006年） Winner
作品
代表作
From the Fifteenth District
1979年 Short story collection (novella and short stories)A collection of a novella and short stories set largely in Paris and Europe, exploring exile, alienation and the unsettling aspects of everyday life.
exilealienationimmigration / foreignness
The Pegnitz Junction
1973年 Novella and short storiesA collection containing a novella and short stories that examine the small possibilities in people that can lead to fascist tendencies, with strong social and psychological insight.
fascismindividual psychologyhistorical influence
Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories
1981年 Short story collection (selected)A selected collection emphasizing Canadian themes and settings; it helped raise her profile in Canada and won the Governor General's Award.
Canadian memoryidentityfamily relationships
The Other Paris
1956年 Short story collectionAn early collection of Paris-set stories depicting nuances of life and relationships in a foreign city; one of her first notable works.
life in Parisforeignnesshuman relationships
全著作
- The Other Paris (1956)
- My Heart Is Broken (1964)
- The Pegnitz Junction (1973)
- The End of the World and Other Stories (1974)
- From the Fifteenth District (1979)
- Home Truths: Selected Canadian Stories (1981)
- Overhead in a Balloon: Stories of Paris (1985)
- In Transit (1988)
- Across the Bridge (1993)
- Collected/Selected Stories (1996–2003, various collections)
- Going Ashore: Stories (2009)
- The Cost of Living: Early and Uncollected Stories (2009)
- The Uncollected Stories of Mavis Gallant (2024)
翻案
- The French Dispatch (Wes Anderson film, 2021 — one story segment inspired by Gallant)
作風・主題
- 文体
- concise, observant proseironic and cool-eyed narrationcondensed, tightly-wrought short-story technique
- 頻出モチーフ
- exile / foreignnessisolation / alienationfragile marriages and relationshipsmemory and the pastthe small possibilities of fascism
評価・遺産
Mavis Gallant is regarded as one of the leading short-story writers of the late 20th century. An expatriate Canadian living in Paris, she earned acclaim for her clear-eyed, insightful short fiction addressing exile, alienation and moral choice, influencing critics and writers alike.
関連学会
- American Academy of Arts and Letters (honorary)
- Quebec Writers' Federation (award named in her honour)
大衆文化への影響
- Wes Anderson's film The French Dispatch (2021) drew on one of Gallant's New Yorker stories as partial inspiration
- Author Sadia Shepard faced accusations of copying Gallant's story in a 2018 controversy
引用
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Only personal independence matters.
出典: Boris Pasternak (epigraph quoted in the preface to Home Truths) (1981年) -
I had a mother who should not have had children, and it's as simple as that.
出典: The New York Times (interview) (2014年)
豆知識
- Published 116 stories in The New Yorker over her career.
- First anglophone writer to receive Quebec's Prix Athanase‑David (2006).
- Her early literary agent Jacques Chambrun embezzled royalties; she discovered her publication in The New Yorker by seeing her name in a library copy.
- Her private journals were announced for publication but as of 2023 had not appeared in full; excerpts have been published in The New Yorker.