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Nelly Sachs

ネリー・ザックス

Nerī Zakkusu

別名: Leonie Sachs

プロフィール

性別
女性
生誕
1891-12-10 （Berlin-Schöneberg, German Empire）
死没
1970-05-12 （Stockholm, Sweden） 78歳
国籍
German, Swedish
言語
German, Swedish
宗教
Judaism
居住地歴
Berlin (birthplace; early life) → Stockholm (emigration; place of death)

経歴

職業
poet, playwright
活動期間
1910年〜1970年
影響を受けた人物
Gertrud Kolmar, Else Lasker-Schüler, German Romanticism
影響を与えた人物
Postwar German-language poets (e.g., Hans Magnus Enzensberger)

学歴

Home education
期間: 幼少期〜青年期（家庭での教育）
国: Germany
Educated at home during childhood due to frail health

受賞歴

Nobel Prize in Literature
1966
主催: Swedish Academy (Nobel Prize)
結果: 受賞
Droste-Preis
1960
主催: Droste-Preis (awarding body)
結果: 受賞
Nelly Sachs Prize
1961
主催: City of Dortmund (Nelly Sachs Prize)
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Eli: A Mystery Play of Israel's Suffering (Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels)

1950年 Drama (verse play)

A verse play that symbolically depicts the suffering and yearning of the Jewish people after the Holocaust, using layered religious and symbolic imagery.

atonementsufferingJewish fatereligious symbolism
映像化・舞台化
  • [opera] Eli (opera by Walter Steffens) / Walter Steffens (作曲) (1967)
翻訳
  • Eli (English translation)

In the Houses of Death (In den Wohnungen des Todes)

1947年 Poetry collection

An early collection that poetically expresses grief and loss stemming from the Holocaust, repeatedly using images of death, dust, and fragmentation.

lossash/dustmemory
翻訳
  • O the Chimneys: Selected Poems (English translation, 1967)

Flight and Metamorphosis (Flucht und Verwandlung)

1959年 Poetry collection

A collection addressing exile and metamorphosis, centered on images of loss, renewal, and a drifting subject.

exilemetamorphosisrenewal
翻訳
  • Flight and Metamorphosis (English translation, 2022)

Signs in the Sand (Zeichen im Sand)

1962年 Poetry collection

A collection of poetic fragments that explore signs and traces, featuring motifs of memory and disappearance.

tracesmemorydisappearance

全著作

  • Legenden und Erzählungen (Legends and Tales), 1921
  • In den Wohnungen des Todes (In the Houses of Death), 1947
  • Sternverdunkelung (Eclipse of Stars), 1949
  • Eli (Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels), 1950
  • Flucht und Verwandlung (Flight and Metamorphosis), 1959
  • Fahrt ins Staublose (Journey into the Dustless Realm), 1961
  • Zeichen im Sand (Signs in the Sand), 1962
  • Suche nach Lebenden (Search for the Living), 1971

翻案

  • Eli (opera by Walter Steffens, premiered 1967)

作品の翻訳

  • O the Chimneys: Selected Poems, Including the Verse Play, Eli (English translation, 1967)
  • The Seeker and Other Poems (English translation, 1970)
  • Flight and Metamorphosis (English translation, 2022)

作風・主題

文体
intensely lyricaluse of symbolic and religious imagerycompressed poetic language and fragmentary expression
頻出モチーフ
dust/ashstarsbreathstones/jewelsblooddancersfish out of water (suffering)madnesslost love

健康

  • Psychotic episodes (hallucinations, delusions, paranoia)
    母親死後の数年〜晩年にかけて
    Required hospitalization and treatment but continued writing; mental health remained fragile throughout later life.
  • Colorectal cancer
    1969–1970
    Cause of death in 1970.

評価・遺産

Nelly Sachs gained international recognition for poetry and drama engaging with the Holocaust and Jewish suffering; she was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature. Her symbolic, lyrical language influenced modern poetry. Awards and memorials (including the Nelly Sachs Prize) and archival holdings (e.g., National Library of Sweden) preserve her legacy.

資料所蔵先

  • National Library of Sweden (Kungliga biblioteket) holdings
  • Leo Baeck Institute (New York) — Nelly Sachs Collection (AR 3991)

大衆文化への影響

  • Commemorative plaques and parks (Nelly Sachs Park) in Berlin and Stockholm

引用

  • I represent the tragedy of the Jewish people. Agnon represents Israel.
    出典: Nobel Prize banquet speech / remarks (1966) (1966年)
  • When the great terror came, I fell dumb.
    出典: Line from her poetry (reflecting on Nazi terror)

豆知識

  • Born Leonie Sachs.
  • She and her mother fled to Sweden in 1940, escaping on one of the last flights out of Nazi Germany before deportation.
  • Her possessions were donated to institutions such as the National Library of Sweden.