世界・海外・国外の文学賞

← ホームに戻る

Nikki Giovanni

ニッキ・ジョヴァンニ

Nikki Giovanni

ペンネーム: Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.（Birth name / formal name used in documentation）

プロフィール

性別
女性
生誕
1943-06-07 （Knoxville, Tennessee）
死没
2024-12-09 （Blacksburg, Virginia） 81歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
居住地歴
Knoxville, Tennessee - birthplace / early childhood → Lincoln Heights, Ohio → Wyoming, Ohio → New York City, New York - period of residence/activity → Blacksburg, Virginia - later life / workplace (Virginia Tech)

経歴

職業
Writer, Poet, Activist, Educator
活動期間
1968年〜2022年
所属
Livingston College, Rutgers University, Queens College, City University of New York, Ohio State University, Virginia Tech, The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective
所属団体
Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star (member), Delta Sigma Theta (honorary member), National Council of Negro Women (life membership / honors)
影響を受けた人物
James Baldwin, Martin Luther King Jr., Gwendolyn Brooks
影響を与えた人物
Younger African-American poets, Generations of spoken-word and performance poets
ノミネート
National Book Award (Gemini, 1973), Grammy Award (The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection, 2004)

学歴

Fisk University
History
学位: B.A.
期間: 1960–1967
卒業年: 1967
国: United States
Entered early as an 'early entrant' (enrolled before finishing high school)
University of Pennsylvania (School of Social Work)
Social Work
期間: 1968（セメスター単位で履修）
国: United States
Attended a semester toward an MSW; final degree completion unclear
Columbia University (School of the Arts)
Poetry (MFA program)
期間: 短期間在籍（MFA課程）
国: United States
Privately published early work while attending

受賞歴

Langston Hughes Medal
1996
主催: City College of New York
結果: 受賞
NAACP Image Award
2008
対象作品: Acolytes
部門: Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry
主催: NAACP
結果: 受賞
NAACP Image Award
2010
対象作品: Bicycles
部門: Outstanding Literary Work – Poetry
主催: NAACP
結果: 受賞
Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize
2022
主催: Poetry Foundation
結果: 受賞
Caldecott Honor
2006
対象作品: Rosa
主催: American Library Association (children's literature)
結果: 受賞（作品がオナー受賞）
Grammy Award (nomination)
2004
対象作品: The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection
部門: Best Spoken Word Album
主催: The Recording Academy
結果: ノミネート
Presidential Medal of Honor, Dillard University
2010
主催: Dillard University
結果: 受賞
National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship
1968
主催: National Endowment for the Arts
結果: 受賞
Parents' Choice Award
1996
対象作品: The Sun Is So Quiet
主催: Parents' Choice Foundation
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Black Feeling, Black Talk

1968年 Poetry collection

An early landmark collection capturing the urgency of the Civil Rights and Black Power era, featuring poems that express Black pride, anger, and communal life.

RaceBlack pridePolitical awakeningFamily

Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems and Not Quite Poems

2002年 Poetry / hybrid

A hybrid collection blending poems and prose, meditating on family, memory, and cultural inheritance with personal and historical reflections.

MemoryFamilyCultural inheritance

Rosa

2005年 Children's picture book (biographical)

A children's picture-book biography of Rosa Parks, illustrated by Bryan Collier; the book became a bestseller and received a Caldecott Honor.

Civil rightsCourageHistorical education

The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni: 1968–1998

2003年 Collected poems / anthology

A collected volume spanning 1968–1998, bringing together early political pieces and later, more intimate poems.

RaceLoveLossSocial issues

全著作

  • Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968)
  • Black Judgement (1968)
  • Re: Creation (1970)
  • Gemini (1971)
  • My House (1972)
  • Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea (2002)
  • Rosa (2005)
  • Acolytes (2007)
  • Bicycles: Love Poems (2009)
  • Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid (2013)
  • A Good Cry (2017)
  • Make Me Rain (2020)

翻案

  • Documentary 'Going to Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project' (2023)

作風・主題

文体
Direct, expressive voiceUse of African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)Spoken-word / performance poetry style
頻出モチーフ
Family and memoryRace and identityLove and lossPride in Appalachia / AffrilachiaSocial justice and activism

健康

  • Lung cancer
    1990年代初頭に診断、以後手術と闘病を経て晩年まで影響
    Diagnosed in the early 1990s and underwent multiple surgeries; her illness influenced later work. Died in 2024 from complications related to lung cancer.

評価・遺産

Nikki Giovanni was a leading poet of the Black Arts Movement and a long-serving activist and educator. Her work—from children's books to public speeches and documentaries—earned wide recognition, numerous awards, and many honorary degrees.

記念館・博物館

  • National Museum of African American History and Culture (holds materials) Washington, D.C., United States

関連学会

  • Phi Beta Kappa (Delta of Tennessee, Fisk University)
  • National Council of Negro Women (life membership)

大衆文化への影響

  • The documentary 'Going to Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project' won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival
  • Named one of Oprah Winfrey's 'Living Legends', reflecting wide cultural recognition

引用

  • We are Virginia Tech... We will prevail.
    出典: Virginia Tech convocation chant-poem (April 17, 2007) (2007年)
  • Yes We Can / Yes We Can / Yes We Can
    出典: Inaugural poem for Barack Obama commissioned by NPR's All Things Considered (2009年)

豆知識

  • A species of bat (Micronycteris giovanniae) was named in her honor in 2007.
  • She held more than two dozen honorary degrees.
  • She received keys to more than two dozen cities.
  • Co-founded the publishing company NikTom Ltd in the 1970s to support Black women writers.