National Prize for Literature (Chile)
1 appearances
-
Edition 4 (1945) Winner
Pablo Neruda
パブロ・ネルーダ
Paburo Neruda
Aliases:
Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto / Neftalí Reyes
Pen Names:
Pablo Neruda（Pen name used in his literary and public life; said to be derived from Czech poet Jan Neruda.）
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1904-07-12 （Parral, Chile）
- Died
- 1973-09-23 （Santiago, Chile） age 69
- Nationality
- Chilean
- Languages
- Spanish
- Religion
- Atheism Baptized in 1904 （Baptismal Name: Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto）
- Residence History
- Parral → Temuco → Santiago → Valdivia → Isla Negra (house) → Valparaíso (La Sebastiana) → Paris, France → Mexico City, Mexico → Buenos Aires, Argentina → Madrid, Spain
Career
- Occupations
- poet, diplomat, politician
- Active Years
- 1917-1973
- Affiliations
- Communist Party of Chile
- Memberships
- Communist Party of Chile, International PEN (associated)
- Influenced By
- Jan Neruda (name/inspiration), Gabriela Mistral, Federico García Lorca, Walt Whitman
- Influenced
- Many Latin American poets, Gabriel García Márquez (praised him), Modern world poetry
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Chile | — | French studies | — | 1921-1922 | Chile |
University of Chile
French studies
Period:
1921-1922
Country:
Chile
Studied French intending to become a teacher but devoted himself to poetry and did not complete a degree.
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | International Peace Prize | — | — | — | 受賞 |
| 1953 | Stalin Peace Prize | — | — | — | 受賞 |
| 1971 | Nobel Prize in Literature | — | — | Nobel Foundation | 受賞 |
| 1972 | Golden Wreath (Struga Poetry Evenings) | — | — | Struga Poetry Evenings | 受賞 |
International Peace Prize
1950
Result:
受賞
Stalin Peace Prize
1953
Result:
受賞
Nobel Prize in Literature
1971
Organization:
Nobel Foundation
Result:
受賞
Golden Wreath (Struga Poetry Evenings)
1972
Organization:
Struga Poetry Evenings
Result:
受賞
Awards & Nominations
Nobel Prize in Literature
1 appearances
-
Edition 64 (1971) Winner
Golden Wreath of Struga Poetry Evenings
1 appearances
-
Edition 7 (1972) Winner
Works
Major Works
Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair
1924 Poetry (love poems)A passionate early collection of love poems that became his best-known work and widely popular internationally.
lovelosssensuality
Translations
- Multiple English translations
Canto General
1950 Epic poetryA Whitman-like epic cataloguing the history, geography and peoples of Latin America with political and historical themes.
historypeoplespolitics
Adaptations
- [Music (oratorio, cantata)] Canto General (musical works) (1975)
Translations
- English translations (e.g. Jack Schmitt)
The Heights of Macchu Picchu
1948 Epic poem / poetryA long poem inspired by his visit to Machu Picchu that celebrates the ancient civilization while condemning exploitation.
civilizationmemoryexploitation
Translations
- English translations (e.g. Nathaniel Tarn)
Residence on Earth
1935 Poetry (surrealist tendencies)A collection marked by surrealist elements exploring solitude and existential unease.
solitudedreamexistence
Translations
- English translations available
Cien sonetos de amor / 100 Love Sonnets
1959 Poetry (love sonnets)A sequence of love sonnets largely inspired by his muse Matilde Urrutia.
lovedevotionsensuality
Translations
- English translations (e.g. Stephen Tapscott)
Bibliography
- Crepusculario (1921)
- Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924)
- Residence on Earth (1925–1931)
- Spain in Our Hearts (1937)
- The Heights of Macchu Picchu (1948)
- Canto General (1950)
- The Captain's Verses (1952)
- 100 Love Sonnets (1959)
- Memorial de Isla Negra (1964)
- Discurso de Estocolmo (1972)
Adaptations
- Il Postino (1994) — film inspired by a novel fictionalizing Neruda's stay in Capri.
- Neruda (2016) — biographical film directed by Pablo Larraín.
Translations of Works
- Numerous English translations (Twenty Love Poems, Canto General, The Heights of Macchu Picchu, etc.)
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- sensual and emotive dictionpolitical and epic narrative voicesurrealist elementscolloquial and lyrical expression
- Recurring Motifs
- sea and waveslove and lossnature (stones, sky, stars)political struggle and workers
Health
-
Prostate cancer1973Health declined leading to hospitalization. Cause of death has been debated for decades; possible third-party intervention has been investigated.
-
Others (records of injections/infection investigations)1973–2017（検査はその後も続く）Postmortem tests and re-examinations detected bacteria and have kept scientific debate open about contribution to death.
Legacy
Neruda is often regarded as Chile's national poet and one of the foremost Latin American poets of the 20th century. His work is widely translated and read globally; his political activism and controversies are inseparable from his legacy.
Museums
- La Chascona (Santiago) Santiago, Chile
- La Sebastiana (Valparaíso) Valparaíso, Chile
- Casa de Isla Negra (Isla Negra) Isla Negra, Chile
Academic Societies
- Pablo Neruda Foundation (Fundación Pablo Neruda)
Archives
- Fundación Pablo Neruda (holds papers and artifacts)
In Popular Culture
- The film Il Postino (1994) — a fictionalized portrayal inspired by Neruda — became an international hit.
- Many composers have set Neruda's poems to music (e.g. Theodorakis, Los Jaivas).
Quotes
-
"A poet is at the same time a force for solidarity and for solitude."
Source: Nobel Prize acceptance speech (Stockholm, 1971) (1971)
Trivia
- Though baptized as an infant, he declared himself an atheist throughout his life.
- His only biological daughter, Malva Marina, suffered health problems and died young; Neruda has been criticized for having abandoned her.
- The cause of his death has been the subject of long controversy, including exhumation and forensic testing.
- Passages in his memoirs describing sexual violence have prompted modern criticism and debates about honoring him.