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Thomas Mann

トーマス・マン

Thomas Mann

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1875-06-06 （Free City of Lübeck, German Empire）
死没
1955-08-12 （Zürich, Switzerland） 80歳
国籍
German, Czechoslovak, American
言語
German
宗教
Lutheranism
居住地歴
Lübeck (birth and childhood) → Munich (1891–1933) → Küsnacht / near Zürich (Switzerland, exile) → Princeton, New Jersey (USA, residence) → Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles (1942–1952) → Nida (summer cottage, now Lithuania) → Kilchberg (final residence, Switzerland)

経歴

職業
Novelist, Short story writer, Essayist, Social critic, Lecturer, Translator (limited)
活動期間
1896年〜1954年
所属
Princeton University (teaching), Library of Congress (Consultant/Fellow in Germanic Literature)
影響を受けた人物
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Theodor Fontane, 19th-century Russian authors (Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, etc.)
影響を与えた人物
Yukio Mishima (influenced), Joseph Campbell (cited Mann as a mentor), Many later novelists and scholars in German and comparative literature
ノミネート
Nobel Prize in Literature (nominated by Anders Österling, awarded 1929), Nobel Prize in Literature (nominated again 1948)

学歴

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Studied history, economics, art history and literature
期間: 1891–1894
国: Germany
Studied a broad range of subjects in preparation for journalism; degree status unclear.
Technical University of Munich
As above (history, economics, etc.)
期間: 1891–1894
国: Germany
Formal degree attainment not clearly recorded.

受賞歴

Nobel Prize in Literature
1929
対象作品: Buddenbrooks (principally cited)
主催: Swedish Academy
結果: 受賞
Goethe Prize
1949
主催: Goethe Prize Committee (Frankfurt, etc.)
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Buddenbrooks

1901年 Novel (family saga)

An epic family saga depicting the decline of a merchant family across four generations; detailed study of bourgeois society and generational change.

Decline of a familyConflict between commerce and cultureGenerational estrangement
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] Buddenbrooks (film) / Heinrich Breloer (2008)
翻訳
  • English translation 'Buddenbrooks' and many others

The Magic Mountain

1924年 Novel (literary)

Set mainly in a sanatorium, the novel explores ideas, culture and altered experiences of time through philosophical dialogue.

Time and illnessConflicting European ideologiesGrowth and spiritual trial
翻訳
  • English translation 'The Magic Mountain' and others

Death in Venice

1912年 Novella

The aging writer Aschenbach becomes obsessed with the young boy Tadzio, leading to a tale of beauty, desire and decline.

Desire and repressionBeauty and deathArt and self-destruction
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] Death in Venice (film) / Luchino Visconti (1971)
  • [Opera] Death in Venice (opera) / Benjamin Britten (作曲・演出ではないがオペラ化) (1973)
翻訳
  • English translation 'Death in Venice' and others

Joseph and His Brothers

1933年 Epic tetralogy (novel series)

A four-part epic retelling of the Biblical story of Joseph, combining mythic elements and literary reinterpretation.

Myth and originsFate and familyReligious reinterpretation

Doctor Faustus

1947年 Novel (modern music and Nazism)

Through the fictional composer Adrian Leverkühn, the novel examines the corruption of German culture and the rise of Nazism.

Art and ethicsMusic and modernismPolitical corruption

全著作

  • Buddenbrooks (1901)
  • Death in Venice (1912)
  • The Magic Mountain (1924)
  • Joseph and His Brothers (1933–1943)
  • Doctor Faustus (1947)
  • Confessions of Felix Krull (unfinished, 1954)

翻案

  • Film adaptation of Death in Venice (dir. Luchino Visconti, 1971), among others
  • Film adaptation of Buddenbrooks (2008)

作品の翻訳

  • Buddenbrooks → English translation 'Buddenbrooks', etc.
  • The Magic Mountain → English translation 'The Magic Mountain', etc.

作風・主題

文体
Symbolic and ironic narrationMeticulously structured, grounded in classical eruditionA tone combining gentle humor and critical distance
頻出モチーフ
Psychology of the artist/intellectualDecline of familiesIllness and deathReferences to classical and biblical myths

健康

  • Thrombophlebitis (diagnosed)
    1955年7月–1955年8月
    Initially diagnosed as thrombophlebitis; postmortem showed a ruptured iliac artery aneurysm with retroperitoneal hematoma—misdiagnosis contributed to fatal outcome.

評価・遺産

One of the leading writers of 20th-century German literature. Through family sagas and philosophical novels he explored European culture, art and politics. A Nobel laureate with lasting international influence; numerous institutions and museums preserve and study his legacy.

記念館・博物館

  • Buddenbrook House (Buddenbrookhaus), Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
  • Thomas Mann House, Los Angeles Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, USA
  • Thomas Mann Summer Cottage / Culture Centre, Nida Nida (now Lithuania)

関連学会

  • Thomas Mann International network (TMI-Research)
  • Various academic societies and research groups on Thomas Mann

資料所蔵先

  • Thomas Mann Archive, ETH Zurich
  • Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (Yale) — Thomas Mann Collection

大衆文化への影響

  • Visconti's film Death in Venice (1971) and many other film, opera and musical references.
  • Motifs from The Magic Mountain and Death in Venice continue to be reinterpreted in contemporary novels, music and films.

引用

  • “The war is horrible, but it has the advantage of keeping Hitler from making speeches about culture.”
    出典: BBC German Service broadcast (circa 1940) (1940年)

豆知識

  • Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1929; used the prize money to build a cottage in Nida.
  • Went into exile after the Nazi rise to power in 1933; lived in the United States during WWII and became a U.S. citizen in 1944.
  • Destroyed many of his early diaries in 1945; the surviving diaries were published posthumously and caused significant public reaction.