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第17回（2006年） Winner
Yevgeny Yevtushenko
エフゲニー・アレクサンドロヴィチ・エフトゥシェンコ
Yevgeny Yevtushenko
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1933-07-18 （Zima, Irkutsk Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union）
- 死没
- 2017-04-01 （Tulsa, Oklahoma, US） 83歳
- 国籍
- Soviet, Russian
- 言語
- Russian, English
- 居住地歴
- Moscow, Soviet Union / Russia → Tulsa, Oklahoma, US
経歴
- 職業
- poet, novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, publisher, actor, editor, university professor, film director
- 活動期間
- 1949年〜2017年
- 所属
- Union of Soviet Writers
- 所属団体
- Honorary Member of the Royal Spanish Academy, Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Arts
- 影響を受けた人物
- Boris Pasternak, Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg
- 影響を与えた人物
- Younger generations of Russian poets (from the 1960s onward), Writers addressing memory and dissent
- ノミネート
- Nobel Prize in Literature (1963; nominated for the poem 'Babi Yar'), Nobel Prize in Literature (2008; nominated by World Congress of Russian Jews)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maxim Gorky Literature Institute (Moscow) | Literature | Department of Literature | — | 1951–1954 | Soviet Union |
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute (Moscow)
Literature
/ Department of Literature
期間:
1951–1954
国:
Soviet Union
dropped out
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | USSR State Prize | Mother and Neutron Bomb | — | USSR Government | 受賞 |
| 2007 | Ovid Prize | — | — | Ovid Foundation | 受賞 |
| 2010 | State Prize of the Russian Federation | — | — | Government of the Russian Federation | 受賞 |
| 2006 | International Botev Prize | — | — | Botev Prize Committee | 受賞 |
| 1991 | American Liberties Medallion | — | — | American Jewish Committee | 受賞 |
| 2005 | Grinzane Cavour Prize | — | — | Grinzane Cavour Foundation | 受賞 |
| 2006 | Honorary Citizen of Petrozavodsk | — | — | City of Petrozavodsk | 称号授与 |
| 2009 | Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Commander) | — | — | Government of Chile | 受章 |
| 1967 | Order of the Badge of Honour | — | — | USSR Government | 受章 |
| 1983 | Order of the Red Banner of Labour | — | — | USSR Government | 受章 |
USSR State Prize
1984
対象作品:
Mother and Neutron Bomb
主催:
USSR Government
結果:
受賞
Ovid Prize
2007
主催:
Ovid Foundation
結果:
受賞
State Prize of the Russian Federation
2010
主催:
Government of the Russian Federation
結果:
受賞
International Botev Prize
2006
主催:
Botev Prize Committee
結果:
受賞
American Liberties Medallion
1991
主催:
American Jewish Committee
結果:
受賞
Grinzane Cavour Prize
2005
主催:
Grinzane Cavour Foundation
結果:
受賞
Honorary Citizen of Petrozavodsk
2006
主催:
City of Petrozavodsk
結果:
称号授与
Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Commander)
2009
主催:
Government of Chile
結果:
受章
Order of the Badge of Honour
1967
主催:
USSR Government
結果:
受章
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1983
主催:
USSR Government
結果:
受章
受賞・候補エディション
-
第6回（2007年） Winner
作品
代表作
Babi Yar
1961年 PoetryA landmark poem denouncing the massacre of Jews at Babi Yar and criticizing anti-Semitism and the Soviet distortion of history. Widely circulated after publication and set by Shostakovich in his Symphony No. 13.
anti-Semitismmemoryconscience vs. state
映像化・舞台化
- [symphony] Symphony No. 13 'Babi Yar' (1962)
翻訳
- Translated into English by Robin Milner-Gulland and Peter Levi, among others
Zima Station (Stantsiia Zima)
1956年 PoetryA poem reflecting youthful experience and nostalgia; one of his early well-received works.
nostalgiayouthnature
全著作
- Razvedchiki Griadushchego (The Prospectors of the Future), 1952
- Treti Sneg (The Third Snow), 1955
- Babi Yar, 1961
- Verses of the Century (editor), 1995
翻案
- Kindergarten (screenplay/director involvement, 1983)
- Stalin's Funeral (director/screenwriter, 1990)
作品の翻訳
- Selected Poems (translated by Robin Milner-Gulland and Peter Levi, 1962)
作風・主題
- 文体
- colloquial, performant rhythm suited to recitationpopular, oratorical tonedirect engagement with moral and political themes
- 頻出モチーフ
- memory and historical recordland and nature of Russiamotherhood and familyconscience versus the state
健康
-
kidney cancer (partial nephrectomy)おおよそ2011年頃から晩年までReportedly affected his late-life activity and work; he later died of heart failure.
評価・遺産
A highly influential poet in the Soviet 1960s, best known for bringing memory and denunciation of anti‑Semitism to literature with 'Babi Yar'. A charismatic performance poet who influenced generations, internationally translated and awarded, but also subject to controversy over his relationship with the authorities.
記念館・博物館
- Yevgeny Yevtushenko Poetry House (Zima museum) Zima, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia 2001年開館
関連学会
- Russian Academy of Arts (honorary member)
- Royal Spanish Academy (honorary member)
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences (honorary member)
資料所蔵先
- Yevtushenko poetry archives (online and held in various libraries)
- Library of Congress (related materials)
大衆文化への影響
- Featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1962, drawing international attention
- His poem was used by Shostakovich in Symphony No. 13, connecting his work to major musical repertoire
引用
-
Who could sanction me to write 'Babi Yar'? Only I could sanction myself to write it.
出典: Interview / memoir statement (2008年)
豆知識
- Asteroid 4234 Evtushenko named after him (1994)
- Featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1962
- Taught at the University of Tulsa and split time between Russia and the U.S.