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Grace Paley

グレイス・パーリー

Gureisu Pārī

プロフィール

性別
女性
生誕
1922-12-11 （Bronx, New York City, US）
死没
2007-08-22 （Thetford, Vermont, US） 84歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
宗教
Jewish (cultural/background)
居住地歴
Greenwich Village, New York City → Thetford, Vermont

経歴

職業
Writer, Poet, Teacher, Political activist
活動期間
1959年〜2007年
所属
Sarah Lawrence College (faculty), City College of New York (faculty), Columbia University (lecturer/visiting), Syracuse University (faculty), PEN America (vice president / board)
所属団体
American Academy of Arts and Letters (member), PEN America, War Resisters League
影響を受けた人物
W. H. Auden (teacher/influence), Donald Barthelme (friend/encourager), Yiddish and Jewish oral rhythms
影響を与えた人物
Many contemporary short-story writers (influence on conversational rhythm and urban women's perspectives), George Saunders (has written about/acknowledged Paley)
ノミネート
The Collected Stories (1994) - Pulitzer Prize finalist, The Collected Stories (1994) - National Book Award finalist

学歴

Hunter College
期間: 1938-1939
国: United States
Attended for a year; did not earn a degree
The New School for Social Research
期間: 短期間（17歳頃）
国: United States
Studied briefly with W. H. Auden; did not earn a degree

受賞歴

Guggenheim Fellowship (Fiction)
1961
主催: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
結果: 受賞
O. Henry Award
1969
対象作品: "Distance"
主催: O. Henry Prize Stories
結果: 受賞
Elected member, American Academy of Arts and Letters
1980
主催: American Academy of Arts and Letters
結果: 選出
Rea Award for the Short Story
1993
主催: Rea Award for the Short Story
結果: 受賞
PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in Short Fiction
1994
主催: PEN America / PEN/Malamud
結果: 受賞
New York State Author (official)
1986
主催: New York State
結果: 任命
Poet Laureate of Vermont
2003
主催: State of Vermont
結果: 任命
Honorary degree, Dartmouth College
1998
主催: Dartmouth College
結果: 授与（名誉学位）
F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature
2004
主催: F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

The Little Disturbances of Man

1959年 Short story collection

A collection of short stories focused on everyday life in New York, family and women's experiences. Early landmark collection including stories widely anthologized.

urban lifewomen's everyday experiencesJewish identityclass and personal relationships

Enormous Changes at the Last Minute

1974年 Short story collection

A collection containing previously published stories and recurring characters. Characterized by conversational voice and fragmented plots addressing race, gender and class.

racegenderclasscommunity
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film (three-part drama)] Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (film) (1983)

Later the Same Day

1985年 Short story collection

Continues characters from Enormous Changes, expanding perspectives to include more diverse voices (Black and lesbian characters) and depicting urban life.

diverse voicescommunityeveryday conflicts

The Collected Stories

1994年 Short story collection (collected)

A collected volume of her short stories, published in 1994; was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award.

women's experiencescity lifehumor and pathos

Leaning Forward

1985年 Poetry

A poetry collection later set to music by composer Christian Wolff and regarded as an important part of her poetic output.

personal memorypolitical awareness

Fidelity

2008年 Poetry (posthumous)

A posthumous poetry collection gathering work from late in her life.

reflectionethics and love

全著作

  • The Little Disturbances of Man (1959)
  • A Subject of Childhood (1969)
  • Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (1974)
  • Later the Same Day (1985)
  • Leaning Forward (1985, poetry)
  • Long Walks and Intimate Talks (1991)
  • New and Collected Poems (1992)
  • The Collected Stories (1994)
  • Just As I Thought (1998)
  • Begin Again: Collected Poems (2000)
  • Fidelity (2008, posthumous)

翻案

  • Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (1983 three-part film)
  • Goodbye and Good Luck (adapted as musical/staged readings)
  • Grace Paley: Collected Shorts (2009 documentary)

作風・主題

文体
conversational, rhythmic prosefragmented/episodic plotsblend of humor and poignancy
頻出モチーフ
domestic urban lifeJewish roots and oral rhythmsfeminism and peace activismcommunity and neighbor relations

健康

  • Breast cancer
    晩年（治療を受けていた）
    Underwent treatment for some time in later years; died in 2007

評価・遺産

Grace Paley is regarded as a major American short-story writer of the late 20th century; her conversational prose and Jewish/urban perspective influenced many writers. She is also noted for feminist and antiwar activism, and a literary prize bears her name.

関連学会

  • American Academy of Arts and Letters

資料所蔵先

  • Grace Paley Papers (held at university/research institutions)

大衆文化への影響

  • Documentary 'Grace Paley: Collected Shorts' (2009)
  • Staged readings / musical adaptation attempts of 'Goodbye and Good Luck'

引用

  • "somewhat combative pacifist and cooperative anarchist."
    出典: Interview / biographical accounts
  • "I couldn't help the fact that I had not gone to war, and I had not done the male things. I had lived a woman's life and that's what I wrote about."
    出典: Interview (e.g. The Paris Review)

豆知識

  • Attended Hunter College and The New School but did not earn degrees.
  • Did not learn to drive until age 55.
  • Active in antiwar and feminist movements from the 1950s; the FBI maintained a file on her for decades.
  • The Grace Paley Prize was established by the Association of Writers & Writing Programs (AWP).