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Edition 6 (1924) Winner
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Edition 13 (1931) Winner
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Edition 19 (1937) Winner
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Edition 25 (1943) Winner
Robert Frost
ロバート・フロスト
Robāto Furosuto
Profile
- Gender
- Male
- Born
- 1874-03-26 (San Francisco, California, U.S.)
- Died
- 1963-01-29 (Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.) age 88
- Nationality
- United States
- Languages
- English
- Religion
- Swedenborgian (baptized as child)
- Residence History
- Lawrence, Massachusetts → Derry, New Hampshire → Franconia, New Hampshire → Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England → Ann Arbor, Michigan → South Miami, Florida → Cambridge, Massachusetts → Shaftsbury, Vermont
Career
- Occupations
- Poet, Playwright, Teacher, Lecturer
- Active Years
- 1894-1963
- Affiliations
- Amherst College (teacher/faculty), Bread Loaf School of English (Middlebury College), University of Michigan (Fellow in Letters)
- Memberships
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected), American Philosophical Society (elected), Phi Beta Kappa (honorary member)
- Influenced By
- Robert Graves, Rupert Brooke, Thomas Hardy, W. B. Yeats, John Keats, Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Influenced
- Robert Francis, Seamus Heaney, Richard Wilbur, Edward Thomas, James Wright
- Nominations
- Nobel Prize in Literature (nominated 31 times)
Education
| Institution | Faculty | Department | Degree | Period | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dartmouth College | — | — | — | 1892(在籍約2か月) | United States |
| Harvard University | — | — | — | 1897–1899(中途退学) | United States |
Awards
| Year | Award | Work | Category | Organization | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1924 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes | — | Pulitzer Prize Board | 受賞 |
| 1931 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | Collected Poems | — | Pulitzer Prize Board | 受賞 |
| 1937 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | A Further Range | — | Pulitzer Prize Board | 受賞 |
| 1943 | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry | A Witness Tree | — | Pulitzer Prize Board | 受賞 |
| 1960 | Congressional Gold Medal | — | — | United States Congress | 受賞 |
| 1962 | Edward MacDowell Medal | — | — | MacDowell Colony | 受賞 |
| 1963 | Bollingen Prize | — | — | Bollingen Prize Committee | 受賞 |
| 1961 | Poet Laureate of Vermont | — | — | Vermont State Legislature | 任命 |
| 1958 | United States Poet Laureate | — | — | Library of Congress | 任命 |
Awards & Nominations
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Edition 3 (1939) Winner
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Edition 2 (1941) Winner
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Edition 17 (1962) Winner
Works
Major Works
A Boy's Will
1913 Poetry collectionFrost's debut collection containing early poems exploring youth, self-discovery and reflective lyric pieces.
North of Boston
1914 Poetry collection (includes dramatic monologues)A key collection containing dramatic poems set in rural New England, examining relationships, loneliness, and moral dilemmas.
Mountain Interval (includes 'The Road Not Taken')
1916 Poetry collectionCollection that includes the famous 'The Road Not Taken', exploring choices, regret, and life as a metaphorical journey.
New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes
1923 Poetry collectionContains major poems including 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' and 'Nothing Gold Can Stay'. Winner of the 1924 Pulitzer Prize.
A Witness Tree
1942 Poetry collectionOne of Frost's important later collections, reflecting personal experience and nature; winner of the 1943 Pulitzer Prize.
Bibliography
- A Boy's Will (1913)
- North of Boston (1914)
- Mountain Interval (1916)
- New Hampshire (1923)
- A Further Range (1936)
- A Witness Tree (1942)
- Complete Poems (1949)
- In the Clearing (1962)
Style & Themes
- Literary Style
- Colloquial diction emphasizing spoken rhythmsUse of traditional meter and formsRealistic, narrative and often allegorical expression
- Recurring Motifs
- nature and landscape (New England)isolation and human relationshipschoice and fatelife and death
Health
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Major depressive disorder (family history of mental illness)生涯にわたる断続的な症状(具体的罹患期間は不明)Intermittent depressive episodes influenced personal life and creative work; mental illness also affected family members.
Legacy
Robert Frost is celebrated for fusing colloquial rhythms with traditional forms set against New England landscapes; he is the only poet to have won four Pulitzer Prizes and remains a prominent public literary figure in American culture.
Museums
- The Frost Place (Robert Frost Farm) Franconia/Derry, New Hampshire, U.S.
- Robert Frost Stone House Museum Shaftsbury, Vermont, U.S. Opened in 2002
- Robert Frost Farm (Derry) preservation site Derry, New Hampshire, U.S.
Academic Societies
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- American Philosophical Society
Archives
- Jones Library Special Collections (Amherst)
- Dartmouth College Library (major manuscript holdings)
- University of Michigan Library (Robert Frost Family Collection)
- Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College (holds papers)
In Popular Culture
- 'Fire and Ice' influenced the title and themes of George R. R. Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'.
- 'Nothing Gold Can Stay' is quoted in S. E. Hinton's 'The Outsiders' and its film adaptation, entering popular culture.
- Poems like 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' are frequently quoted at public events (e.g., associations with JFK inauguration reading).
Quotes
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No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. No surprise for the writer, no surprise for the reader. For me the initial delight is in the surprise of remembering something I didn't know I knew... [Poetry] must be a revelation, or a series of revelations, for the poet as for the reader.
Source: Essay 'The Figure a Poem Makes' (1939)
Trivia
- The only poet to win four Pulitzer Prizes.
- Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.
- Invited to read at John F. Kennedy's 1961 inauguration; recited 'The Gift Outright' from memory when sunlight prevented reading the prepared text.