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Ismail Kadare

イスマイル・カダレ

Ismail Kadare

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1936-01-28 （Gjirokastër, Albania）
死没
2024-07-01 （Tirana, Albania） 88歳
国籍
Albania, France, Kosovo
言語
Albanian, French, English
宗教
Atheist (born into a Muslim family)

経歴

職業
novelist, poet, essayist, screenwriter, playwright
活動期間
1954年〜2020年
所属
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (France), Academy of Albania, Berlin Academy of Arts, Académie Mallarmé
所属団体
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (foreign associate), Academy of Albania, Berlin Academy of Arts, Académie Mallarmé
影響を受けた人物
Franz Kafka, Nikolai Gogol, George Orwell, Gabriel García Márquez, Milan Kundera, Balzac, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Ernest Hemingway
影響を与えた人物
contemporary Albanian literature, writers across Eastern Europe and the Balkans
ノミネート
Nobel Prize in Literature (nominated 15 times)

学歴

University of Tirana (Faculty of History and Philology)
Faculty of History and Philology / Languages and Literature
期間: 1954–1956
卒業年: 1956
国: Albania
Received a teacher's diploma in 1956
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
Literature
期間: 1958–1960
卒業年: 1960
国: Soviet Union
Postgraduate study in Moscow (1958–1960)

受賞歴

Prix mondial Cino Del Duca
1992
主催: Prix mondial Cino Del Duca
結果: 受賞
Herder Prize
1998
主催: Herder Prize
結果: 受賞
Man Booker International Prize (inaugural)
2005
対象作品: body of work
主催: Man Booker International Prize
結果: 受賞
Prince of Asturias Award for Literature
2009
部門: 文学
主催: Princess of Asturias Foundation
結果: 受賞
Jerusalem Prize
2015
主催: Jerusalem Prize
結果: 受賞
Legion of Honour (Commandeur / Grand Officer)
2016
主催: French Republic
結果: 受章
Park Kyong-ni Prize
2019
主催: Park Kyong-ni Prize
結果: 受賞
Neustadt International Prize for Literature
2020
対象作品: body of work
主催: Neustadt Prizes
結果: 受賞
Ovid Prize
2003
主催: Ovid Prize
結果: 受賞
International Nonino Prize
2018
主催: Nonino
結果: 受賞
America Award in Literature
2023
対象作品: lifetime contribution
主催: America Awards (Green Integer)
結果: 受賞
"Honor of the Nation" Decoration
主催: Republic of Albania
結果: 受章
National Flag Decoration
2016
主催: Republic of Albania
結果: 受章

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

The General of the Dead Army

1963年 Novel (irony, parable elements)

An Italian general and a priest return to Albania after World War II to recover the remains of fallen soldiers; the novel explores war, memory and loss.

warmemorylosshuman condition
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] The General of the Dead Army (film) / 複数（例：ルチアーノ・トヴォリ他） (1983)
翻訳
  • Translated into many languages (French, English, etc.)

The Siege

1970年 Historical novel

Set during the time of Skanderbeg, it depicts the conflict with the Ottoman Empire and explores national history and identity.

historynationresistance
翻訳
  • Translated into French and other languages

Chronicle in Stone

1971年 Magic realism / Novel

A boy's account of life in a stone fortress town during World War II, blending everyday detail with magical realism.

effects of warmemorylocal identity

The Palace of Dreams

1981年 Dystopia / Parable

A dystopian novel satirizing totalitarianism through a gigantic bureaucracy that collects, files and analyses citizens' dreams.

totalitarianismsurveillancebureaucracydreams

Broken April

1980年 Novel (tragic rural society)

Set in northern Albania, it portrays the customs of blood feud and the inevitability of violent retribution.

blood feudhonorfate
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film (adaptation)] Behind the Sun (film) — adaptation inspired by Broken April / Walter Salles (2001)

The Pyramid

1992年 Allegorical historical novel

Set in ancient Egypt, the novel is an allegory about power, hierarchy and the vanity of monuments.

critique of powerdictatorship allegorymonumentality

Spiritus

1996年 Novel (fantastical elements)

Through returning ghosts and rumour, the novel addresses post-communist transformations and the persistence of surveillance.

ghostspast and presentsurveillance state

The Fall of the Stone City

2008年 Semi-autobiographical novel

A novel weaving personal memory and national history, reflecting on identity and the past.

memorypersonal and national historyhomeland

The Doll: A Portrait of My Mother

2020年 Memoir / Novel

A semi-autobiographical portrait of his mother and his complex ties to his country.

familymemorynostalgia

全著作

  • The General of the Dead Army
  • The Siege
  • Chronicle in Stone
  • The Palace of Dreams
  • Broken April
  • The Pyramid
  • Spiritus
  • The Fall of the Stone City
  • The Doll: A Portrait of My Mother

翻案

  • The General of the Dead Army has been adapted into several films (Italian, French, Albanian versions)
  • Broken April inspired the film Behind the Sun (2001)

作品の翻訳

  • Works translated into over 45 languages

作風・主題

文体
allegorical and parabolic narrationsubjective realismuse of symbolism and mythconcise, poetic prose
頻出モチーフ
power and totalitarianismdreams and symbolshistory and memoryfolktale and legendsurveillance and bureaucracy

健康

  • Prolonged ill health; cardiac disease (final cause: heart attack)
    数年〜2024年
    Suffered health problems for years; died of a heart attack in 2024

評価・遺産

Ismail Kadare was an internationally prominent novelist and intellectual, regarded as a universal voice against totalitarianism. He brought Albanian literature to global attention and, using allegory and history, created a literature of resistance under censorship.

記念館・博物館

  • Ismail Kadare House Museum Gjirokastër, Albania

関連学会

  • Academy of Albania
  • Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (France)
  • Berlin Academy of Arts
  • Académie Mallarmé

資料所蔵先

  • Personal papers in Tirana and archives at the Ismail Kadare House

大衆文化への影響

  • In Albania he was a national figure; it is said there is scarcely a household without a Kadare book

引用

  • There is no room for literature in the Marxist vision of the future world.
    出典: 2020 Neustadt International Prize acceptance lecture (2020年)
  • There is hardly an Albanian household without a Kadare book.
    出典: Statement in The New York Times feature (1990年)

豆知識

  • Works have been translated into over 45 languages.
  • Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature 15 times.
  • Sought political asylum in France in 1990.
  • Notable works include The General of the Dead Army, The Palace of Dreams, and The Pyramid.