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Philip Roth

フィリップ・ロス

Philip Roth

プロフィール

性別
男性
生誕
1933-03-19 （Newark, New Jersey, U.S.）
死没
2018-05-22 （New York City, U.S.） 85歳
国籍
United States
言語
English
宗教
Atheism / Non-religious
居住地歴
Newark, New Jersey → Manhattan, New York City → Annandale-on-Hudson, New York (near Bard College)

経歴

職業
Novelist, Short story writer, Essayist, University teacher
活動期間
1959年〜2010年
所属
University of Pennsylvania (taught comparative literature)
所属団体
Philip Roth Society
影響を受けた人物
Franz Kafka, Henry James, Joseph Conrad, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Saul Bellow
影響を与えた人物
Jonathan Safran Foer, Jonathan Lethem, Numerous contemporary American novelists

学歴

Bucknell University
学位: BA
国: United States
Graduated magna cum laude in English; elected to Phi Beta Kappa
University of Chicago
English literature
学位: MA
期間: 1954–1956 (在籍／研究期間は短期間のことがあった)
卒業年: 1955
国: United States
Received MA in English literature in 1955; briefly instructed in the university's writing program and later dropped out of a PhD term.

受賞歴

National Book Award (Fiction)
1960
対象作品: Goodbye, Columbus
主催: National Book Foundation
結果: 受賞
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1998
対象作品: American Pastoral
主催: Pulitzer Prize Board
結果: 受賞
PEN/Faulkner Award
1994
対象作品: Operation Shylock
主催: PEN/Faulkner Foundation
結果: 受賞
PEN/Faulkner Award
2001
対象作品: The Human Stain
主催: PEN/Faulkner Foundation
結果: 受賞
PEN/Faulkner Award
2007
対象作品: Everyman
主催: PEN/Faulkner Foundation
結果: 受賞
Franz Kafka Prize
2001
主催: Franz Kafka Prize (Prague)
結果: 受賞
Man Booker International Prize (lifetime achievement)
2011
主催: Man Booker Prize Foundation
結果: 受賞
National Humanities Medal
2010
主催: National Endowment for the Humanities / White House
結果: 受賞

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Goodbye, Columbus

1959年 Short story collection/Novella

A debut volume containing the novella 'Goodbye, Columbus' and four short stories, portraying middle-class Jewish American life with humor and sharpness.

Jewish identityCultural assimilationClass consciousness
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] Goodbye, Columbus (film) / Larry Peerce (1969)
翻訳
  • Goodbye, Columbus

Portnoy's Complaint

1969年 Novel (black comedy / autobiographical elements)

A confessional novel that provocatively depicts sexual desire, Jewish identity struggles, and selfhood in a style that sparked controversy on publication.

SexualityGuiltBlurring of self and fiction
翻訳
  • Portnoy's Complaint

Sabbath's Theater

1995年 Novel (satire / black comedy)

Through the disgraced former puppeteer Mickey Sabbath, the novel candidly and humorously explores desire, aging, and ethics. Winner of the 1995 National Book Award.

DesireAgingMoral decadence
翻訳
  • Sabbath's Theater

American Pastoral

1997年 Novel (literary fiction; part of American Trilogy)

Following Swede Levov, a successful businessman from New Jersey, the novel examines the tragedy that befalls his family and the collapse of 1960s American ideals. Winner of the Pulitzer Prize.

Decline of the American DreamFamilyPolitical violence
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] American Pastoral (film) / Ewan McGregor (2016)
翻訳
  • American Pastoral

The Human Stain

2000年 Novel (identity / social commentary)

Through the revelation of classics professor Coleman Silk's past and secret, the novel explores identity politics and prejudice in American society. It was adapted into a film.

IdentityRace and passingShame and honor
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] The Human Stain (film) / Robert Benton (2003)
翻訳
  • The Human Stain

The Plot Against America

2004年 Novel (alternate history)

An alternate history imagining Charles Lindbergh as U.S. President in 1940 and an accommodation with Nazi Germany, exploring the effects of anti-Semitism and fear on families and communities.

Alternate historyAnti-SemitismFragility of democracy
映像化・舞台化
  • [Television (miniseries)] The Plot Against America (HBO miniseries) (2020)
翻訳
  • The Plot Against America

全著作

  • Goodbye, Columbus and Five Short Stories
  • Letting Go
  • Portnoy's Complaint
  • The Ghost Writer
  • The Counterlife
  • American Pastoral
  • The Human Stain
  • The Plot Against America
  • Everyman
  • Nemesis

翻案

  • Goodbye, Columbus film adaptation (1969)
  • The Human Stain film adaptation (2003)
  • Elegy (adaptation of The Dying Animal, 2008)
  • Indignation film (2016)
  • American Pastoral film (2016)
  • The Plot Against America HBO miniseries (2020)

作品の翻訳

  • Portnoy's Complaint — Japanese translation
  • American Pastoral — Japanese translation

作風・主題

文体
Strongly autobiographical realistic styleProvocative, direct narrative voiceMetafictional techniques that blur fact and fiction
頻出モチーフ
Jewish identity and assimilationSexual desire and guiltAging, mortality, illnessDisillusionment with the American Dream

健康

  • Post-operative nervous breakdown / severe depression
    1980s（術後）
    Contributed to episodes of breakdown that influenced themes of fragmentation and identity in some works
  • Temporary side effects from Halcion (triazolam)
    1980s（処方期間）
    Experienced temporary mental side effects that affected his writing and creative process
  • Heart failure (cause of death)
    2018（死去時）
    Died of heart failure in 2018

評価・遺産

Philip Roth is regarded as one of the leading American writers from the late 20th to early 21st century. Renowned for his probing and provocative explorations of Jewishness, selfhood, and American memory, he won numerous major literary awards though never the Nobel Prize. His personal library and papers are important resources for scholarship.

記念館・博物館

  • Philip Roth Personal Library (held at Newark Public Library) Newark Public Library, Newark, New Jersey, U.S. 2021年開館

関連学会

  • Philip Roth Society

資料所蔵先

  • University of Chicago Special Collections (early materials)
  • Princeton University Firestone Library (deposited manuscripts)

大衆文化への影響

  • His works have been adapted into films and television, including an HBO miniseries.

引用

  • When the whole world doesn't believe in God, it'll be a great place.
    出典: Interview / quotation collections (2011年)
  • Reading a novel requires a certain amount of concentration, focus, devotion to the reading. I thought within 25 years reading novels would be regarded as a 'cultic' activity.
    出典: Interviews (The Guardian / The Daily Beast, etc.) (2009年)

豆知識

  • Left his book collection and over $2 million to the Newark Public Library.
  • Banned religious rituals at his funeral, though a visitation stone was later placed in Jewish tradition.
  • The only person to win the PEN/Faulkner Award three times.
  • Won many major prizes during his life but never the Nobel Prize in Literature.